GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

BY: WAQAR ALI SODHAR

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN 1948.
• THE 70’S AND 80’S MARKED A NEW PHASE FOR WOMEN, LOCAL
DEBATES ON WOMEN BECAME GLOBAL. WOMEN’S ECONOMIC ROLE
WAS RECOGNISED.
• ESTER BOSERUP’S BOOK “WOMEN’S ROLE IN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT (1970)”. AGRICULTURAL INTENCIFICATION THEORY.
(MALTHUSIAN VS ESTER BOSERUP)
• THE UN DECADE FOR WOMEN 76-85 EMPHASISED WOMEN’S RIGHT TO
DEVELOPMENT, RECOGNITION OF WOMEN’S ECONOMIC ROLE IN
NATIONAL ECONOMIES.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• IN THIS DECADE, THERE WERE THREE MAJOR CONFERENCES OF WOMEN AT MEXICO IN

1975, COPENHAGAN 1980 AND NAROBI 1985.
• CORE CONCERNS WERE PAY EQUITY, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, LANDHOLDING,
AND BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS.
• THE DECADE CONCENTRATED MAINLY ON WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT.
• MEXICO 1975 DECLARATION ON “THE EQUALITY OF WOMEN AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE”.
• COPENHAGEN DELARACTION 1980 ON “PROGRAMME OF ACTION”.
• NAIROBI CONFERENCE 1985 ON “THE NAIROBI FORWARD-LOOKING STRATEGIES
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN”.
• THE UN DECADE FOR WOMEN AND ITS CONFERENCES HELPED ESTABLISH THE
LEGITIMACY OF WOMEN’S ISSUES REGARDING THEIR ROLES AS WORKERS IN THE
HOME AND OUTSIDE IT. THE DECADE ALSO BROUGHT THE MANY INEQUALITIES
WOMEN FACE IN EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, AND WORK TO THE ATTENTION OF
NATIONAL LEADERS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
• IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AIMS OF WOMEN CONFERENCES
GLOBALLY, MANY EFFORTS WERE TAKEN TO ERADICATE
POVERTY AND LOW SOCIO-ECONOMICAL STATUS OF
GENDER. THUS, SIX THEORETICAL APPROACHES WERE
ADOPTED.
• 1: THE WELFARE APPROACH
• 2: WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID)
• 3: WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT (WAD)
• 4: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)
• 5: THE EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH
• 6: MAINSTREAM GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID)
WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT (WAD)
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES (SAPs)