Measures of Central

Tendency:
Mean, Median, and Mode

EDUC 602 STATISTICS

Prof. Dr. Gregorio Jr. Pajaron
Report by Ma. Cristina C. Serentas MAED-English
 What is a measure of central tendency?

It is a single value that

attempts to describe a set
of data by identifying the
central position within
that set of data.
 MEAN  
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛=
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠

The mean is equal to Symbolically,

the sum of all the  

values in the data ͞x =

set divided by the
 Where:
number of values in ͞x (read as ‘x bar’) is the mean of
the data set. the set of x values

is the sum of all the x values

n is the number of x values

 Calculate the Mean height of the students

HEIGHT (cm)
  175
=
163
  155
= 149
  180
= 165
 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Try this . . .
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter

88 87 91 92
94 92 90 94
What is Anna’s average 83 81 87 90
grade in the 1st, 2nd, 91 90 91 93
3rd, and 4th quarter? 93 92 91 95
92 91 90 93
First - 91.42 93 89 85 94
Second – 89.58 93 92 86 92

Third – 88.33 92 90 86 95
94 89 84 94
Fourth – 93.75 92 85 84 96
92 97 95 97
 Consider this,

MEDIAN 23,19, 3, 25, 17, 33, 14, 8, 4,

12, 24
The median is the We first need to rearrange that data into order
middle score for a of magnitude (smallest first)

set of data that

3, 4, 8, 12, 14, 17, 19, 23, 24,
has been arranged
25, 33
in order of
magnitude   Our median mark is the middle mark - in this
case, 17 (highlighted). It is the middle mark
because there are 5 scores before it and 5
scores after it. This works fine when you
have an odd number of scores.
but what happens when you have an even number of scores?
What if you had only 10 scores? Well, you simply have to take
the middle two scores and average the result. So, if we look at
the example below:

65, 55, 89, 56, 35, 14, 56, 55, 87, 45

We again rearrange that data into order of magnitude (smallest first):

14, 35, 45, 55, 55, 56, 56, 65, 87, 89

Only now we have to take the 5th and 6th score in our data set and
average them to get a median of 55.5.
 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Try this . . .
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter

88 87 91 92
94 92 90 94
What is the median in 83 81 87 90
Anna’s grades every 91 90 91 93
quarter? 93 92 91 95
92 91 90 93
First - 90 93 89 85 94
Second – 87.5 93 92 86 92

Third – 87 92 90 86 95
94 89 84 94
Fourth – 94 92 85 84 96
92 97 95 97
 Consider this,

MODE 88, 94, 83, 91, 93, 92, 93,

93, 92, 94, 92, 92
The mode is the most The mode is 92 because it is the most
frequent score in our frequent scores from out set of data.

data set. Sometimes the

If no number is repeated in the set of data,
mode is considered as there in NO mode.
being the most popular
A distribution with more than one mode is said
option.   to be BIMODAL, TRIMODAL, etc., or in
general, MULTIMODAL.
 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Try this . . .
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter

88 87 91 92
94 92 90 94
What is the mode in 83 81 87 90
Anna’s grades on the 91 90 91 93
2nd, 3rd and 4th 93 92 91 95
quarters? 92 91 90 93
93 89 85 94
Second – 92
93 92 86 92
Third – 91 92 90 86 95
Fourth – 94 94 89 84 94
92 85 84 96
92 97 95 97
Thanks for
listening!