REVIEW LESSONS

Measures of Central Tendency

(Ungrouped and Grouped Data)

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode
THE MEAN
Mean(x) is also known as arithmetic
average. It is the sum of the item values
divided by the number of items.

Mean of Grouped Data

If the number of items is too big, it
is best to compute for the measures of
central tendency (Mean, Median and
Mode) using a frequency distribution.
 To determine the mean
of a grouped data, use the
formula:
Ʃ𝒇𝒙
x = 𝒏
where:
𝒇 – frequency of the class interval
x – midpoint of the class interval
n – total number of items
Example 1. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the
given distribution on final scores of 100 Grade
11 students in Trigonometry.
Scores f x fx
95 – 99 3 97 291
90 – 94 6 92 552
85 – 89 19 87 1,653
80 – 84 24 82 1,968
75 – 79 18 77 1,386
70 – 74 12 72 864
65 – 69 8 67 536
60 – 64 5 62 310
55 – 59 3 57 171
50 – 54 2 52 104
n = 100 Ʃfx = 7,835
Solution:
Ʃ𝒇𝒙
x = 𝒏

7835
=
100

= 78.35
Example 2. What is mean of the given distribution
of scores of 75 students in Statistics.
Scores f x fx
84 – 90 5 87 435
77 – 83 12 80 960
70 – 76 8 73 584
63 – 69 10 66 660
56 – 62 8 59 472
49 – 55 2 52 104
42 – 48 18 45 810
35 – 64
41 5 38 190
28 – 34 3 31 93
21 – 27 4 24 96
n = 75 Ʃfx = 4,404
Solution:
Ʃ𝒇𝒙
x = 𝒏

4404
=
75

= 58.72
THE MEDIAN
Median (Md) is the value of the middle
term when data are arranged in either
ascending or descending order.

Median of Grouped Data

For large quantities of data, the
median is computed using a
frequency distribution with a
cumulative frequency column.
 To determine the median of a grouped
data, use the formula:
𝒏
𝟐
−𝑭
Md = L + 𝒊 where:
𝒇
L – the lower class boundary of the median class
n – total number of items
F – “less than” or “equal to” cumulative
frequency preceding the class interval
containing the median
f – frequency of the median class
i – size of the class interval
Example 1. Find the median score of
students of Mr. Dela Cruz Math class.
Scores f F
95 – 99 5 100
90 – 94 11 95
85 – 89 17 84
80 – 84 25 67
75 – 79 20 42
70 – 74 12 22
65 – 69 7 10
60 – 64 3 3
n = 100
Solution: 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐
− 𝟒𝟐
𝒏 Md =79.5 + (𝟓)
−𝑭 𝟐𝟓
𝟐
Md = L + 𝒊
𝒇 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟒𝟐
= 79.5 + (𝟓)
𝟐𝟓
L = 79.5
𝟖
n = 100 = 79.5 +
𝟐𝟓
(𝟓)
F = 42 𝟒𝟎
= 79.5 +
f = 25 𝟐𝟓

i = 99 – 95 + 1 = 5 = 79.5 + 1.6
= 81.1
Example 2. The ages of 115 ENHS teachers
are given below. Find the median age.
Ages f F
63 – 69 3 115
56 – 62 11 112
49 – 55 18 101
42 – 48 26 83
35 – 41 21 57
28 – 34 15 36
21 – 27 12 21
14 – 20 7 9
7 – 13 2 2
n = 115
Solution: 𝟏𝟏𝟓
− 𝟓𝟕
𝟐
𝒏
−𝑭 Md = 41.5 + (𝟕)
𝟐 𝟐𝟔
Md = L + 𝒊
𝒇
𝟓𝟕.𝟓 − 𝟓𝟕
= 41.5 + (𝟕)
L = 41.5 𝟐𝟔

n = 115 = 41.5 +
𝟎.𝟓
(𝟕)
𝟐𝟔
F = 57
𝟑.𝟓
f = 26 = 41.5 +
𝟐𝟔
i = 69 – 63 + 1 = 7 = 41.5 + 0.135
= 41.635
Example 3. Complete the table and compute for the
median score of the Grade 11 students who took the Pre-
calculus subject.
Scores f CF CP
135 – 139 2 50 100
130 – 134 2 48 96
125 – 129 4 46 92
120 – 124 5 42 84
115 – 119 9 37 74
110 – 114 8 28 56
105 – 109 7 20 40
100 – 104 5 13 26
95 – 99 3 8 16
90 – 94 1 5 10
85 – 89 2 4 8
80 – 84 1 2 4
75 – 79 1 1 2
Solution: 𝟓𝟎
𝒏 𝟐
− 𝟐𝟎
−𝑭 Md = 109.5 + (𝟓)
𝟐 𝟖
Md = L + 𝒊
𝒇
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎
L = 109.5 = 109.5 + (𝟓)
𝟖

n = 50 = 109.5 +
𝟓
(𝟓)
𝟖
F = 20
𝟐𝟓
f=8 = 109.5 +
𝟖
i = 139 – 135 + 1 = 5 = 109.5 + 3.125
= 112.625
THE MODE
MODE (Mₒ) is referred to as the
most frequently occurring value in a
given set.
Mode of Grouped Data
In a grouped distribution, the
class interval where the value with
the highest frequency is the modal
class.
 To determine the mode of a grouped
data, use the formula:
𝒅₁
Mo = Lmo + ( )i where:
𝒅₁ + 𝒅₂
Lmo – the lower boundary of the modal class
𝑑₁ – the difference between the frequency of
the modal class and that of the frequency
below the modal class
𝑑₂ – the difference between the frequency of
the modal class and that of the frequency
above the modal class
i – the size of the class interval
Example 1. Determine the modal class and the
modal value for the frequency distribution of
ages of teachers in Esperanza NHS.
Age Group Frequency
60 – 64 2
Solution:
55 – 59 4
50 – 54 6
45 – 49 12 Lmo = 34.5
40 – 44 15
35 – 39 16 d1 = 16 – 12 = 4
30 – 34 12 d2 = 16 – 15 = 1
25 – 29 7
20 – 24 4
i = 39 – 35 + 1 = 5
 𝟒
Mo = 34.5 + ( )(5)
𝟒+𝟏
𝟐𝟎
= 34.5 +
𝟓
= 34.5 + 4
= 38.5
Example 2. Compute for the modal wage of the
workers in a certain private school
Solution:

Lmo = 1,319.5
d1 = 31 – 24 = 7
d2 = 31 – 12 = 19
i = 1,339 – 1,320 + 1 = 20
 𝟕
Mo = 1,319.50 + ( )(20)
𝟕 + 𝟏𝟗
𝟏𝟒𝟎
= 1,319.50 +
𝟐𝟔
= 1,319.50 + 5.385
= 1,324.885
 -do this in a whole short bond
paper, show a complete solution
and box the final answer.
Problem. Compute for the mean, median, and
mode of the ages of SHS teachers.
Age Group Frequency
60 – 64 2
55 – 59 4
50 – 54 6
45 – 49 12
40 – 44 15
35 – 39 16
30 – 34 12
25 – 29 7
20 – 24 4