MULTI STOREY

BUILDING FRAMES
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS

SUBMITTED BY:
CH.PRIYANKA
17C11C4005
VII SEM,IV YEAR,B.ARCH
V.S.A.P.V
MULTI STOREY BUILDING:
 A Multi-storey building is a three-dimensional or light
weight steel building that has multiple number of storeys,
containing vertical circulation by means of lift and stairs.
 Depending upon the preliminary analysis and
verification, approaches with a wide range have been
used for these buildings of various heights.
 MultiStorey building is generally designed for purpose to
serve as a hospital, commercial mall or apartment.
 Being an Ideal solution for commercial building, the
construction speed of multi storey building is faster than
other conventional buildings due to usage of high level of
material pre-fabrication, designing accuracy, best quality
checks and riskless construction.

MULTI STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:

 Frames are the members when fitted together, give
support to the structural system and give a shape to
the building.
 The members include column, beam, slab,
foundation.
CLASSIFICATION OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING:

Depending on the height, need and various other factors, multi storey
buildings are classified into following.

1.  Low Rise building: A low rise multi storey building has few storeys
(typically less than four), with the usage of elevators and stairs for
vertical circulation.
2. Mid Rise building:  A Mid Rise building has number of storeys
ranging from 4 to 12.
3. High Rise building: A High Rise building has number of storeys
ranging from 12 to 40, with usage of lifts and stairs.
4. Skyscraper building:  A tall and habitable steel building having
storeys more than 40 but height less than 300m is considered as Sky
Scrapper Multi storey building.
5. Super tall building: Super tall building is the steel building with its
height exceeding 300m are Super tall Multi storey building.
6. Mega tall building:  Super tall building is the steel building with its
height exceeding 600m are Super tall Multi storey building.
MATERIALS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
MULTI STOREY BUILDING:

The materials used are –

 Concrete
 Steel
 Composite construction (the discrete use of both steel and concrete)

LOADS ACT ON MULTI STOREY BUILDING:

The Loads are categorized into –
 Gravity loads – which acts perpendicularly to the structure
1.Live loads 2.Dead loads
 Lateral loads – which acts horizontally to the structure
1.Wind loads 2.Seismic loads
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI STOREY
BUILDING:
There are different types of structural systems which are used in the
construction of multi storey buildings. They are –

 Moment resisting frames

 Braced structure
 Shear Wall Systems
 Flat slabs combined with shear walls and frames
 Tube systems
 Mega core systems
MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES:
 Moment resisting frame consist of plane frames configured in two
directions perpendicular to each other.
 Such system possesses high redundancy, sufficient torsional rigidity,
regularities and structural ability to withstand horizontal forces in any
direction and the force may act.
 Another feature of this system is that column and beams sections should be
enlarged since bending moments, shear forces and axial forces would get
larger at the lower storeys.
 Moreover, the system is claimed to be
suitable for about 20 storeys and the joints
between columns and beams should be
detailed properly since it would become a
weak point of the structure during
earthquake.
 Finally, if the above required joint detailing is
failed to obtain, then soft storey would occur
which is not desirable. Therefore, moment
resisting system should not be used if proper
design especially at joints cannot be
produced.
BRACED STRUCTURE:

 A braced frame is a structural

system commonly used in structures subject
to lateral loads such as wind and seismic
pressure. The members in a braced
frame are generally made of structural steel,
which can work effectively both
in tension and compression.
 The beams and columns that form the frame
 carry vertical loads, and
the bracing system carries the lateral loads.
The positioning of braces, however, can be
problematic as they can interfere with
the design of the façade and the position of
openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or
post-modernist styles have responded to this
by expressing bracing as an internal or
external design feature.
BRACED SYESTEMS:
The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems:
1.Vertical bracing 2.Horizontal bracing
1.VERTICAL BRACING:
 In a braced multi-storey building , the planes of vertical
bracing are usually provided by diagonal bracing
between two lines of columns. Either single diagonals
are provided, in which case they must be designed for
either tension or compression, or crossed diagonals are
provided, in which case slender bracing members
carrying only tension may be provided.
 Note that when crossed diagonals are used and it is
assumed that only the tensile diagonals provide
resistance, the floor beams participate as part of the
bracing system (in effect a vertical Pratt truss is
created, with diagonals in tension and posts - the floor
beams - in compression).
TYPES OF VERTICAL
BRACING:

Cross
diagonal
Type

Single diagonal V Type K Type

BRACED SYESTEMS:

2.HORIZONTL BRACING:
 The bracing at each floor (in horizontal
planes) provides load paths for the
transference of horizontal forces to the
planes of vertical bracing that provide
resistance to horizontal forces.
 Horizontal bracing is needed at
each floor level, however,
the floor system itself may provide
sufficient resistance. Roofs may
require bracing.

Horizontal bracing is of two types. They are –

A. Horizontal diaphragms
B. Discrete triangulated bracing
BRACED SYESTEMS:
A. Horizontal diaphragms:
 A horizontal diaphragm is a horizontal truss (in a roof plane) or solid
sheet element (in a floor). It is placed between vertical elements to
transfer lateral loads to the vertical elements, such as shear panels,
vertical trusses or moment frames.
 A floor plate is an example of a horizontal diaphragm, and in many
designs, a diaphragm will also serve as the building’s floor or roof
element.
 All floor solutions involving permanent formwork such as metal
decking fixed by through-deck stud welding to the beams, with in-
situ concrete infill, provide an excellent rigid diaphragm to carry
horizontal forces to the bracing system.
BRACED SYESTEMS:
B. Discrete triangulated bracing:
 Where diaphragm action from the floor
cannot be relied upon, a horizontal system of
triangulated steel bracing is recommended.
 A horizontal bracing system may need to be
provided in each orthogonal direction.
 Typically, horizontal bracing systems span
between the 'supports', which are the
locations of the vertical bracing.
 This arrangement often leads to a truss
spanning the full width of the building, with a
Typical floor bracing
depth equal to the bay centres, as shown in
arrangement in Warren truss
the figure on the left.
arrangement
 The floor bracing is frequently arranged as
a Warren truss, or as a Pratt truss, or with
crossed members acting only in tension.
SHEAR WALL SYSTEMS:
 Due to the fact that the wall takes most
of the shear base when walls and
columns are used in moment resisting
buildings, that is why it is named as
shear wall system.
 A shear wall is a structural panel that can
resist lateral forces acting on it.
 Lateral forces are those that are parallel
to the plane of the wall, and are
typically wind and seismic loads. In
simple terms, lateral forces could push
over parallel structural panels of
a building were it not for
perpendicular shear walls keeping them
upright.
 When a structural member experiences failure by shear,
two parts of it are pushed in different directions, for
example, when a piece of paper is cut by scissors.
 Shear walls are particularly important in large, or high-
rise buildings, or buildings in areas of high wind and
seismic activity.
SHEAR WALL SYSTEMS:
 Shear walls are
typically constructed from materials such
as concrete or masonry. Shear forces can
also be resisted by steel braced
frames which can be very effective at
resolving lateral forces but may be more
expensive.
 Shear walls can be positioned at
the perimeter of buildings or they
may form a shear core –
a structure of shear walls in the centre of
a building, typically encasing a lift shaft or
stairwell.
 Lateral pressures tend to create a rotational force on the shear wall which,
due to the shear wall acting as one member, produces a compression force at
one corner and a tension force at another. When the lateral force is applied
from the opposite direction, this ‘couple’ is reversed, meaning that both sides
of the shear wall need to be capable of resolving both types of forces.
FLAT SLABS COMBINED WITH SHEAR WALLS
AND FRAMES:

 It is composed of two way

flat slabs resting on
columns, shear walls at the
perimeter or core of the
buildings, and moment
resisting frame at the
perimeter of the structure.
Such system is suitable for
up to 10 storey structures.

 It should be known that, the flat slab column joint has low ductility and
therefore flat slab strip and column frame is suitable only for gravity loads. So,
flat slab column frame should be used as a secondary structural member.
 Finally, this structural system framework is simple and cost effective and
provides clear storey height.
TUBE STRUCTURES:

 The framed tube is one of the most

significant modern developments in high
rise structural form.
 The frames consist of closely spaced
columns, 2-4 m between centres, joined
by deep girders.
 The idea is to create a tube that will act
like a continuous, perforated chimney or
stack.
 The lateral resistance of framed tube
structures is provided by very stiff
moment resisting frames that form a tube
around the perimeter of the building.
TUBE IN TUBE STRUCTURES:

 This is a type of framed tube consisting

of an outer framed tube together with an
internal elevator and service core.
 The inner tube may consist of braced
frames.
 The outer and inner tubes act jointly in
resisting both gravity and lateral loading
in steel, concrete, or composite
construction (the discrete use of both
steel and concrete) framed buildings.
 However, the outer tube usually plays a
dominant role because of its much
greater structural depth.
 This type of structures is also called as
Hull (outer tube) and Core (inner tube)
structures.
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
The frames can be constructed based on the type of construction method optimized.
They are –
Pre cast method
PRE-CAST METHOD OF RCC FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:
A. Column:

(1) (2) (3) (4)

1.Placing of pre casted column into the reinforcement with the help of crane
2.Supporting the column with props
3.Preparing the cement grout (mixture of cement and water)
4.Pouring the grout into the holes of column and get it cured for atleast 3 days.
The props can be removed after that
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
PRE-CAST METHOD OF RCC FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:
B. Beam:

(1) (2)
1.Placing of pre casted beam onto the top of the columns with the help of crane
Supporting props are to be kept for the beam.
2.After setting the position of beam, cement grout (mixture of cement and water)
is filled between the gap and get it cured.
The props can be removed after 3 days.
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
PRE-CAST METHOD OF RCC FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:
C. Wall:

(3)

(1) (2)
1.Placing of pre casted wall onto the floor with the help of
crane (4)
2.Fitting of sealing discs into the reinforcement to prevent
grout leakage
3.Supporting the wall with props
4.Cement grout is filled into the holes of the wall and get it
cured.
Gap between the wall panels should be filled.
The props can be removed after 3 days.
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
PRE-CAST METHOD OF RCC FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:
D. Slab:

(1) (2) (3)

1.Placing of pre casted slab panel onto the beams with the help of crane
2.Setting the position of slab panel
Supporting the slab panel with props
4.Cement grout is filled between the gaps of slab panels and get it cured.
The props can be removed after 3 days.
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
PRE-CAST METHOD OF STEEL FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:

1 2 3

4 5

1.Columns are lifted and placed into the reinforcement.

2.The base of the column is bolted to the base plate.
3.Form work is prepared around the column and grout is
filled into it.
4.Pre cast steel beam is placed to the column.
5.Beam is bolted to the column.
CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION OF MULTI
STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
PRE-CAST METHOD OF STEEL FRAMED MULTI STOREY BUILDING:

8 9

6.Formwork such as metal decking panels are

10 placed on the beams.
7.Panels are bolted together and they are
bolted to the beams.
8.Reinforcement is added on the panels.
9.Concrete is poured on to the panels.
10.It is cured and later floors are constructed.
BENEFITS OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING FRAMES:
Advantages of Frame Structures:
One of the best advantages of frame structures is their ease in construction. It is very east to teach
the labor at the construction site.
Frame structures can be constructed rapidly.
Economy is also very important factor in the design of building systems. Frame structures have
economical designs.
RCC building frames are good at resisting fire.

Steel Frame:
A wide range of ready made structural sections are available, such as I, C, and angle sections.
A wide range of joining methods is available, such as bolting, welding, and riveting.
Since steel is not only a construction material but also delivers technical prowess, the steel
components used in the installation of multi storey buildings are made with well mechanized
practice and high precision software to achieve accuracy in construction.   

Disadvantages of Frames:
In frames structures, span lengths are usually restricted to 40ft (12M) when normal reinforced
concrete. Otherwise spans greater than that, can cause lateral deflections.
Steel Frame:
Heavy and lengthy, not easy to handle.
They lose strength at high temperatures, and are susceptible to fire.
Deflect under loads

 
VIDEO REFERENCES:

3D construction of Cast-in-situ RCC building:

(watch only 2 minutes of the video to know the construction process
For reinforcement closeup details watch further of it)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vc4_5M1rhFg
(Covers construction process of foundation, columns, beams, slab)

3D installation of steel frame multi storey building:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35Hc7OEk38A&list=WL&index=44
(Covers installation process of columns, beams, slab)

THANK
YOU