Speaking

Reading
Skills
Listening Writing

WHAT
Knowledge to test? Thinking Skills

Language Lexis

Semanti
Synta cs
Gramma Morpholog
r y x
 Language Usage Language Use
Accuracy Fluency & appropriacy
Forms Functions
Unnatural / controlled Real / authentic
Competence Performance
Testing in isolation Testing in context
Testing one at a time Testing in combination at time

Continuum
Structuralist Integrative Communicative
Approach Approach Approach
Indirect test
Direct test
Discrete-point
Integrative test
test Language Testing 1
 TESTING OF READING
SKILLS subskills
Identify main facts & details
pronunciation Relate cause &
effect Identify
sequence of events
Predicting outcomes
Reading Inferring meaning from
contextual clues
aloud What to Silent reading
test? Reading levels
Literal comprehension
Stresses & Reorganisation
intonation Inferential
comprehension
Evaluation
Appreciation
 TESTING OF LISTENING SKILLS
Subskills Levels
Identify main facts & details
Literal comprehension
Relate cause &
Reorganisation
effect Identify
Inferential
sequence of events
comprehension
Predicting outcomes
Evaluation
Inferring meaning from
Appreciation
contextual clues

What to
test?
 TESTING OF WRITING SKILLS
simple compound
complex
quality/ levels Sentence
Vocabulary complexity
quantity clarity syntax
Language
Content
/Ideas accuracy
What to
test?

Organisation
Appropriacy Paragraphing

Topic sentence Supportive

sentences
 Testing of speaking skills
Simple Compound Complex
Turn- vocabulary
Sentence
Quantity Quality taking complexity

Content / Language
Ideas
What to syntax grammar
clarity
test? fluency confidence

Pronunciation
Presentation skills
accuracy
Organisation Eye-contact style

Appropriacy Format
 Assessment ProfileProjects
Essay Conversation
Standardized tests
Drawing
Demonstration
End of unit tests
Video /audio tapes
Speech
Paper and
Experiment Performance Pencil Teacher
Made tests
Written report

Debates

Individual
Classroom
Interaction Observation Personal conferences
and Communication
Perception
Small group
Behavior discussions
Observation
Portfolio
Student participation /
Interviews
involvement Journals
 ASSESSMENT METHODES AND APPROACHES
Selected Constructed Responses
Responses
Products Performances

Multiple choice Essays Oral presentations

Logs Demonstrations
True/false
Journals Drama readings
Matching Graphing Debates
Fill in Matrices Panel discussions
Paragraphs (short answers) Oral reading (IRC)
Web , Portfolios, Projects Artwork
Notebooks , Flowcharts Writing Poems
Concept maps Musical recitals
Research papers Dance activity
Questioning
Formal and information observations
Teacher/student dialogues
A Teacher ’ Guide To Classroom Assessment
 BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
appraise, argue, assess, justify, judge,
Evaluation rate, support, value, evaluate

Synthesis arrange, assemble, collect, compose, plan

construct, create, design, develop, propose
Analyse, appraise, calculate, categorise,
Analysis contrast, criticise, differentiate, distinguish
apply, choose, demonstrate, illustrate,
Application interpret, operate, solve, use, employ
Comprehension classify, describe, discuss, explain, express
identify, indicate, locate, recognise, report
arrange, define, label, list, memorise,
Knowledge name, relate, recall, repeat, state
 BARRETT’S TAXONOMY
Critique, appraise, comment,
Appreciation appreciate

Evaluation analyse, appraise, evaluate,

justify, reason, criticise, judge
Inferential
predict, infer, guess
Comprehension
classify, regroup, rearrange,
Reorganisation assemble, collect, categorise
Literal label, list, name, relate, recall, repeat,
Comprehension state
Knowledge 
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and
Verbs products
tell What happened after...? Make a list of the main
list How many...? events..
describe Who was it that...? Make a timeline of
relate Can you name the...? events.
locate Describe what happened at...? Make a facts chart.
write Who spoke to...? Write a list of any pieces
find Can you tell why...? of information you can
state Find the meaning of...? remember. 
name What is...? List all the .... in the story.
Which is true or false...? Make a chart showing...
Make an acrostic.
Recite a poem.
Comprehension
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and
Verbs products
explain Can you write in your own Cut out or draw pictures to
interpret words...? show a particular event.
outline Can you write a brief outline...? Illustrate what you think the
discuss What do you think could of main idea was.
distinguish happened next...? Make a cartoon strip
predict Who do you think...? showing the sequence of
restate What was the main idea...? events.
translate Who was the key character...? Write and perform a play
compare Can you distinguish based on the story.
describe between...? Retell the story in your
What differences exist words.
between...? Paint a picture of some
Can you provide an example of aspect you like.
what you mean...? Write a summary report of
Can you provide a definition an event.
for...? Prepare a flow chart to
illustrate the sequence of
events.
Make a colouring book.
 Application 
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and products
Verbs
solve Do you know another instance Construct a model to demonstrate
show where...? how it will work.
use Could this have happened in...? Make a diorama to illustrate an
illustrate Can you group by important event.
construct characteristics such as...? Make a scrapbook about the areas of
complete What factors would you change study.
examine if...? Make a paper-mache map to include
classify Can you apply the method used relevant information about an event.
to some experience of your Take a collection of photographs to
own...? demonstrate a particular point.
What questions would you ask Make up a puzzle game suing the
of...? ideas from the study area.
From the information given, Make a clay model of an item in the
can you develop a set of material.
instructions about...? Design a market strategy for your
Would this information be product using a known strategy as a
useful if you had a ...? model.
Dress a doll in national costume.
Paint a mural using the same
materials.
Write a textbook about... for others.
 Analysis 
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and
Verbs products
analyse Which events could have Design a questionnaire to gather
distinguish happened...? information.
examine I ... happened, what might the Write a commercial to sell a new
compare ending have been? product.
contrast How was this similar to...? Conduct an investigation to
investigate What was the underlying theme produce information to support a
categorise of...? view.
identify What do you see as other possible Make a flow chart to show the
explain outcomes? critical stages.
separate Why did ... changes occur? Construct a graph to illustrate
advertise Can you compare your ... with selected information.
that presented in...? Make a jigsaw puzzle.
Can you explain what must have Make a family tree showing
happened when...? relationships.
How is ... similar to ...? Put on a play about the study area.
What are some of the problems Write a biography of the study
of...? person.
Can you distinguish between...? Prepare a report about the area of
What were some of the motives study.
behind...? Arrange a party. Make all the
What was the turning point in the arrangements and record the steps
game? needed.
 Synthesis 
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and
Verbs products
create Can you design a ... to ...? Invent a machine to do a specific
invent Why not compose a song about...? task.
compose Can you see a possible solution Design a building to house your
predict to...? study.
plan If you had access to all resources Create a new product. Give it a
construct how would you deal with...? name and plan a marketing
design Why don't you devise your own campaign.
imagine way to deal with...? Write about your feelings in
propose What would happen if...? relation to...
devise How many ways can you...? Write a TV show, play, puppet
formulate Can you create new and unusual show, role play, song or
uses for...? pantomime about...?
Can you write a new recipe for a Design a record, book, or magazine
tasty dish? cover for...?
can you develop a proposal which Make up a new language code and
would... write material suing it.
Sell an idea.
Devise a way to...
Compose a rhythm or put new
words to a known melody.
 Evaluation 
Useful Sample Question Stems Potential activities and
Verbs products
judge Is there a better solution to... Prepare a list of criteria to judge
select Judge the value of... a ... show. Indicate priority and
choose Can you defend your position ratings.
decide about...? Conduct a debate about an issue of
justify Do you think ... is a good or a special interest.
debate bad thing? Make a booklet about 5 rules you
verify How would you have handled...? see as important. Convince others.
argue What changes to ... would you Form a panel to discuss views, eg
recommend recommend? "Learning at School."
assess Do you believe? Write a letter to ... advising on
discuss Are you a ... person? changes needed at...
rate How would you feel if...? Write a half yearly report.
prioritise How effective are...? Prepare a case to present your view
determine What do you think about...? about...