Chapter 4

Limit state design of Slabs

LX ≥ 4h
4.1 Design of One way Solid Slabs
4.2 Design of One Way Ribbed Slabs
4.2 4.3 Design & Analysis of Two Way Solid Slabs

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 Chapter 4
Limit state design of Slabs
4.1 Design of One way Solid Slabs
4.2 Design of One Way Ribbed Slabs
4.2 4.3 Design & Analysis of Two Way Solid Slabs

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4.2 Design of One-Way Ribbed
Slabs
 In one way ribbed slab, the supporting beams called
joists or ribs are closely spaced.
 The ribbed floor is formed using temporary or
permanent shuttering (form work) while the hollow
block floor is generally constructed with block made
of clay tiles or with concrete containing light weight
aggregate.
 This type of floor is economical for buildings where
there are long spans and light or moderate live loads
such as in hospitals and apartment buildings.

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General Requirements
•  Because joists are closely spaced, thickness of slab
(topping),

• The topping shall be provided with a reinforce. mesh

providing in each direction a X-sectional area not less
than 0.001 of the section of the slab.
• Min. reinforcement to be provided for joists include two
bars, where one is bent near the support and the other
straight.
• For Ribs
• Rib spacing is generally less than 1.0 m.
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• In case of rib spacing larger than 1 m, the topping
need to be designed as if supported on slab ribs (i.e. as
one way solid slab between the ribs).
• If the span of the ribs exceeds 6 m, transverse ribs
may be provided.
• When transverse ribs are provided, the center to
center distance shall not exceed 20 times the overall
depth of the ribbed slab.
• The transverse ribs shall be designed for at least half
the values of maximum moments and shear force in
the longitudinal ribs.
• The girder supporting the joist may be rectangular or T-
beam, with the flange thickness equal to the floor
thickness. 5
Girders

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Ribs

Girders

7
Ribs

Girders

8
Ribs

Girders

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Ribs

Girders

10
 Topping

Ribs

Girders

11
12
 Girder
Topping
Lg

Lr

Ribs

Ribs

Girder Columns
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 Girder

Ribs

Girder 14
 Girder

Ribs

Girder 15
 Girder

Ribs

Girder 16
 Girder

Ribs

Girder 17
 Girder

Ribs

Ribs

Girder 18
 Girder

Ribs

Ribs

Girder 19
 Girder
Topping

Ribs

Girder 20
 Girder
Topping
Lg

Lr

Ribs

Ribs

Girder Columns
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 Procedure for design of a floor system of
ribbed slab:
1) Thickness of topping and ribs assumed based on
minimum requirements.
2) Loads may be computed on the basis of center line
of the spacing of joists.
3) The joists are analyzed as continuous T-beams
supported by girders.
4) Determine flexural reinforcement and consider
minimum provision in the final solution.
5) Provide the topping or slab with reinforcement as
per temperature and shrinkage requirement.
6) Design the girder as a beam. 22
EBCS 2 – provisions:
 
Web-Flange Connections-EBCS2/1995-Page 45
Calculation of longitudinal shear per unit length
(a) For flange in compression

(b) For flange in Tension

Where;
As = The area of the longitudinal steel in the effective
flanges outside the projection of the web in to the slab
Asw = The area of the longitudinal steel inside the slab
within the projection of the web into the slab.

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24
Resistance to inclined Compression &
Diagonal Tension
• The resistance to inclined compression per unit
length, (VRD1) shall be computed as:

Where is the total thickness of the flange.

The resistance to Diagonal tension per unit length,

(VRD2) shall be computed as:

Where is the are of transverse reinforcement per unit

length, perpendicular to the web-flange interface. 25
•In  computing the diagonal tension per unit length, If
at the section with the flange is subjected to a tensile
force, the concrete contribution in equation (4.4)
should be neglected.

The cross sectional area of the transverse flexural

reinforcement which crosses the interface between
web and flange can be taken into account in
calculating If this reinforcement is not sufficient as
determined in Eq. 4.4 , then additional
reinforcements shall be provided.

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Example 1: Ribbed Slab
A typical interior panel of a hotel floor with arrangements for
dining is to be built as ribbed floor using hollow blocks, specially
fabricated for this purpose. The joists are to be supported at the
ends on RC girder as shown in the figure. The span of the girder is
7 m and center to center girder spacing = 5.5 m. The joists are
spaced at 550 mm. The toppings are 50 mm thick and the joists
depth below toppings may range between 220 mm to 230 mm.
The loads include LL= 3 kN/m2, superimposed DL from partitions,
finishing and blocks = 5 kN/m2. Materials used include C30
concrete and steel having characteristic strength of 300 MPa with
class I works. Assume bwj = 150 mm, bwg = 400 mm and column
size = 400 mm × 400 mm. Design the typical interior panel. For
the joists of such an interior panel, consider maximum support
moment as (wl2/11) and maximum mid span moment as
(wl2/16) for simplicity to reduce the work of analysis part.
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28
•Step
  1: Material Properties

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•Step
  2: Design the joists and topping

Effective depth of joist or rib, :

=c/c span of joist = 5.5 m =5500 mm

can be taken similar to flat slab = 24

Over all depth of the joist , assuming Ø14mm joist main

rebars & Ø6mm ties:

Provide 30
•Overall
  depth of the joist:

= 225 mm
Thickness of slab (topping), :

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•Step
  3: Loads on the joists
DL = (0.05 * 0.55 * 25) + (0.225 * 0.15 * 25) = 1.53 kN/m
DL from partitions etc = 5 * 0.55 = 2.75 kN/m
LL given in the problem = 3 * 0.55 = 1.65 kN/m
Design load = 1.3(1.53 + 2.75) + 1.6(1.65) = 8.2 kN/m
For interior spans of continuous joists,
Mmax at support = wl2/11 = (8.2 * 5.52)/11 = 22.55 kN-m.
Mmax at mid span = wl2/16 = (8.2 * 5.52)/16 = 15.5 kN-m
Vmax = wl/2 = (8.2 * 5.5) / 2 = 22.55 kN

Step 4: Effective depth check

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•Step
  5: Design of mid span section of an interior span as T beam

C/c distance between the joists = 550 mm

Therefore, = 550 mm
Eff. depth of the T section, d = dj + hf = 195 + 50 = 245 mm

Assuming the NA to fall in the flange,

Mu = 0.8 x befcd(d – 0.4x)
15.5 * 106 = 0.8x (550)(13.6)(245 – 0.4x)
Or x2 – 612.5x + 6475.6 = 0
On solving the above quadratic equation,
x = 10.76 mm < hf = 40 mm
Therefore, NA falls within the flange

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• 

Provide 2Ø14 mm diameter rods in the mid section of the

interior span.
Step 6: Design of support section of an interior span as a
rectangular beam
Overall depth D = d+CC+Øl+ ØS =245+15+14/2+6 = 273 mm
Provide Overall depth D = 275 mm
Revised Effective depth, d = 275-15-14/2-6 = 247 mm
Breadth b = 150 mm and Mmax = 22.55 kNm

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• 

35
• 
Provide 3Ø14 mm diameter rods at the top in the
support.

Limiting depth of NA:

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Step 7: Design for Shear:
The critical section for shear is considered at “d” distance
from the face of the support, for the interior span of the
continuous beam.
VMax = 22.55 kN
Vsd =18.885 kN

d
2.303 m

2.75 m

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•The
  critical section = {(5.5 – 0.4) / 2 } – 0.247 = 2.303
m from the mid span
Maximum shear force at the support, Vmax:
Vmax= 22.55 kN
Shear force at the critical section, Vsd:

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• 

Ok!

Ok!

Therefore,

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•There
  is no need to provide stirrups however, the minimum
required shall be provided.
Minimum shear reinforcement:

Consider 6 mm diameter stirrups with 2 legs;

Check for maximum spacing:

Therefore, provide Ø6mm stirrups @c/c 120 mm.

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•   8: Transverse Reinforcements at topping
Step
Cross sectional area of the topping

Based on EBCS-2/1995:

Reinforcement in a unit width (i.e. 1m)

According to EBCS-2:1995, Max. spacing for secondary

reinforcements shall not be greater than 400 mm.
Therefore, provide Ø6mm rebars @c/c 400 mm in both directions.
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•Step
  9: Longitudinal shear-Flange in compression (page
45, article 4.5.5. EBCS 2)
Compression under max. span moment

Longitudinal shear for flange in compression,

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• 

is Spacing of reinforcement in the topping perpendicular to

the web-flange interface = 400mm
is Area of reinforcement per unit length perpendicular to the
web-flange interface

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• 

Step 10: Longitudinal shear-Flange in Tension (page 45,

article 4.5.5. EBCS 2)
Tension under max. support moment, Mmax = 22.55 kNm

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•Longitudinal
  shear for flange in Tension,

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Thank You!
Questions ?
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