Servers

Unit 1
What is a Server ?
● A server is similar to computer, a device that works on network resources.
● It responses 365 Days 24/7 Hrs every request by user it has to response.
● It may be within a local network or it may be out of local network.
● There are several “Servers ” categories or types of server which define it’s working.

Where we use Server ?

● We use in Network area where we need 24/7 Hrs 1000’s Users are requesting same
information or different in real time.
● Like Website, Web Portal, Cloud Storage etc.
Why we call it Server not a Computer ?

● A computer is single user request response

● Example ( a user need some document in a computer it opens and views on single
screen)
● on other hand server used in a network responses over 100+ Same request
● Example (Multiple user can view same Document without any trouble on its own devices)

Reason why we call it Servers

-> Both devices are same but it is different by it’s working. That’s why we call by it’s working.

-> Computer is Less Configuration , Whereas Server is High Configuration in Shared Network.

-> Server is Fixed at One place it will not Move again & again , But Computer,Laptop & Mobile
are shift its location.
How Servers Works ?
● Any Servers works nearly Similar. It will show Response to the Request , any User can Request Some Data
in the form of HTTPS, the Server Response to it in the Same Manner. If data found, it is shown else its
Response will be some errors like data not found.In below Diagram it represents the Web Servers Working.
The page Request by the user and the Response by the Server. It is a Simple Static Page Without Database.
● In below Diagram it represents the Web Servers Working with Database. The Dynamic
Website requires Database for storing and retrieving information or data. In this Page
the request is processed in Web Server then added with data and it goes back to Client
System.It is a fast process . sometime we receive information from server cache page.
Different Types of Servers
● Servers are defined by its working of server tasks jobs.
1. Print Servers 11. List Server
2. File Servers 12. Telnet Server
3. Database Servers. 13. Open Source Server
4. Proxy Server 14. Virtual Server
5. Mail Server 15. Online Gaming Server
6. Web Server 16. Chat Servers
7. Application Server 17. IRC Servers
8. Real-Time Communication Server 18. Fax Servers
9. FTP Server 19. Groupware Servers
10. DNS Server 20. News Servers
1. Print Servers
● A Print Server manage Multiple Printers with a software application, network device or computer. To
make a printer queue status information available to end users and network administrators,a Print Server
is mainly used in Office or where more than 20-50 Users makes use of Printing. It accepts print jobs
task from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to
schedule it so more quickly than the printer Print.

2. File Server
● A Special server is designed specifically for use as Storage , reading and writing files into a file server. A file
server is a computer associated to a network in home or office Network, and that can store many files in the
server’s hard disks. A shared disk access, i.e. shared storage of computer files Connectivity by FTP ( File
Transfer Protocol ), SMB/CIFS protocol (Windows and Unix-like) or NFS protocol (Unix-like systems)and design
of File Server RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) and NAS (Network Storage Network) are used
3. Database Server
● A Database server is basically a Database management System(DBMS) that provide database-server
functionality, and some database like Oracle, DB2, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
PostgreSQL,MYSQL can be used.

4. Proxy Server
● A proxy server is an interface between a client and server.Proxy server is a web Browser program in a local
server and in external server to share connections that full-fill the requests by itself. It forwards the request
to the real server.

5. Mail Server
● Mail servers is mail Storage to Receive Mails, Send Mails across the Internet.Like a Web servers, mail
servers move and store mail to networks (via LANs and WANs) and across the Internet.
6. Web Server
● A Web server has online static web page content display to a Web browser by loading a file from
a disk and serving it across the network to a user’s Web browser. This entire exchange is
mediated by the browser and server talking to each other using HTTP.

7. Application Server
● Application servers are server programs in a computer with a distributed network that provide
the business logic for an application program to act as a type of middleware. Application servers
occupy a large chunk of computing territory between database servers and the end user, and they
often connect the application to users. An Application Server provides services and infrastructure
for developing, deploying, and running applications.

8. Real-Time Communication Server

● Real-time communication servers (RTC) is a term used to refer to any live telecommunications that
occur without transmission delays. RTC is nearly a instance with minimal latency.
● RTC data transmission modes are as follows:
• Half Duplex: communication between sender and receiver occurs in both directions in half duplex
transmission, but only one at a time
• Full Duplex: Send and Receives information simultaneously bidirectionally on a single carrier or
circuit.
9. FTP Server
● File Transfer Protocol makes it possible to move one or more files securely between
computers while providing file security and organisation as well as transfer
control.FTP is transferring files from server to a computer and vice versa.

10. DNS Server ( Domain Name Server )

● A DNS server is a computer server that contains a database of public IP addresses
and their associated Hostnames, and in most cases serves to resolve, or translate,
those names to IP addresses as requested. DNS servers run special software and
communicate with each other using special protocols.
● A user enters a Website name called domain name into their Internet browser.
(www.ahirlabs.com). The computer sends the domain name as a DNS request to the
ISP (Internet Service Provider).The ISP finds IP address associated with that name.
If not, the ISP forwards the request to other providers in an effort to locate the DNS
record that contains the data. Once the record is found, the IP address of the domain
is returned to the user. the user’s computer can communicate directly with the server.
11. List Server
● Email messaging services has dedicated computer system. List servers offer a way to
better manage mailing lists, whether they be interactive discussions open to the public or
one-way lists that deliver announcements, newsletters or advertising.

12. Telnet Server

● A Telnet server enables users to log on to a host computer and perform tasks as if they’re
working on the remote computer itself.
● Terminal emulation protocol that enables an internet user to log on to a remote
computer or network and use it as if it were under his or her direct control. Telnet is a
member of TCP/IP family of internet protocols and allows communications with any
computer linked over the internet even if it does not support TCP/IP specifications.

13. Open Source Server

● From your underlying open source server operating system to the server software that
help you get your job done, open source software is a critical part of many IT
infrastructures.Examples are Apache HTTP Server , NGINX,Apache Tomcat,Lighttpd
14. Virtual Server
● A server use to share hardware and software resources with other users too,
Virtual Server has dedicated servers and it does not share hardware and software
resources with other users.They are cost-effective and provide faster resource
control, virtual servers are popular in Web hosting environments & data centre.

15. Online Gaming Server

● Gaming server has gained its popularity in a recently. This type of server is
responsible for connecting hundreds of gamer around the world to an external
server(s) for accessing gaming data. Xbox live is one of the examples for gaming
servers.

16. Chat Servers

● This server enables a number of people to share information in the environment of
an internet newsgroup that offer real-time discussion capabilities.
17. IRC Servers
● Internet Relay Chat is comprised of various independent networks of servers that
allow users to connect to each other via an IRC network. It is an option for those who
are seeking real-time competence.

18. Fax Servers

● Fax Servers is used in Large Organisation, if we want to reduce the incoming and
outgoing telephone resources a fax server is an ideal solution. However, there is a
need to fax the actual document.

19. Groupware Servers

● It is software that is designed to make the users able to work together, regardless of
their location, through the Internet or a corporate Intranet and to work together in a
virtual environment.

20. News Servers

● They work as a source of distribution and delivery for hundreds of available public
newsgroups accessible over the USENET news network.
Application Server

● Application Server is
○ a server program in a computer in distributed network
system that provides business logic for an application
program
● Business logic are business rules that determine
how data can be created, displayed, stored, and
changed.
What is Application Server?
● An application server is a server specifically designed to run
applications.
● The "server" includes both the hardware and software that
provide an environment for programs to run.
● Application servers are used for many purposes.
● Several examples are listed below:
○ running web applications
○ hosting a hypervisor that manages virtual machines
○ distributing and monitoring software updates
○ processing data sent from another server
Why Use an Application Server?

● A web server is designed to serve web pages.

● Therefore, it may not have the resources to run demanding web
applications.
● An application server provides the processing power and memory to run
these applications in real-time.
● It also provides the environment to run specific applications.
● For example, a cloud service may need to process data on a Windows
machine.
● A Linux-based server may provide the web interface for the cloud service,
but it cannot run Windows applications.
● Therefore, it may send input data to a Windows-based application server.
● The application server can process the data, then return the result to the
web server, which can output the result in a web browser.
Application Server in 3-tier Application
Web Server
● Web Server is a IT (Information Technology) component that
processes user requests via HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
● A Web Server Stores, process and deliver Web page to client.
● Web Server works as
Web Server
Web Site versus Web Server

● Web site and Web server are different:

● A Web site consists of a collection of Web pages
associated with a particular hostname.
● A Web server is a program to satisfy client requests for
Web resources.
Web Server
1) A user agent initiates the communication by sending a HTTP
request for the specific resource,
2) Server processes the user request ,Search the requested
content in its database(in documents and files)
3) And responds with the content of that resource or an error
message if unable to do so.
● Most popular web Servers are: Apache Http Server
(tomcat),Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Server) , lighttpd
,Jigsaw Server
Web Server Vs. Application Server
● Application server is the Superior server because it is capable to
handle the Web Server functions too.
● i.e. Every Application Server has a inbuilt Web Server in it.
What is a Database server?
● A Database server is a server which houses a database
application that provides database services to other computer
programs or to computers, as defined by the client–server
model
● Database management systems (DBMSs) frequently provide
database-server functionality, and some database management
systems (such as MySQL) rely exclusively on the client–server
model for database access (while others e.g. SQLite are meant
for using as an embedded database)
Database server
● Users access a database server either through a "front end"
running on the user's computer – which displays requested data –
or through the "back end", which runs on the server and handles
tasks such as data analysis and storage.
● Most database applications respond to a query language.
● Each database understands its query language and converts each
submitted query to server readable form and executes it to retrieve
results.
● For clarification, a database server is simply a server that
maintains services related to clients via database applications.
Database server
● Client workstation is responsible for
●Presentation logic
●Data processing logic
●Business rules logic
● Server performs all data storage, access, and
processing
● Typically called a database server
○ DBMS is only on server
Database server architecture (two-tier architecture)
Characteristics of Two-Tier Client/Server Systems

● Departmental in scope (few users)

● Not mission-critical
● Low transaction volumes
● Common programming languages:
● Java, VB .NET, C#
● Interface database via middleware, APIs
Information flow in a three-tier architecture
Top Database Software's
Top open source web server Software
What is APACHE?
● The Apache HTTP server is a software (or program) that runs
in the background under an appropriate operating system,
which supports multi-tasking, and provides services to other
applications that connect to it, such as client web browsers.
● It was first developed to work with Linux/Unix operating
systems, but was later adapted to work under other systems,
including Windows and Mac.
● The Apache binary running under UNIX is called HTTPd (short
for HTTP daemon), and under win32 is called Apache.exe.
Apache HTTP Server
● Apache is the most popular web server (after which comes Microsoft's IIS)
available.
● The reasons behind its popularity, to name a few, are:
● It is free to download and install.
● It is open source: the source code is visible to anyone and everyone,
which basically enables anyone (who can rise up to the challenge) to
adjust the code, optimize it, and fix errors and security holes.
● People can add new features and write new modules.
● It suits all needs: Apache can be used for small websites of one or two
pages, or huge websites of hundreds and thousands of pages, serving
millions of regular visitors each month.
● It can serve both static and dynamic content.
How Apache Works
● Apache's main role is all about communication over networks, and it uses the
TCP/IP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol which allows
devices with IP addresses within the same network to communicate with one
another).
● The TCP/IP protocol is a set of rules that define how clients make requests
and how servers respond, and determine how data is transmitted, delivered,
received, and acknowledged.
● The Apache server is set up to run through configuration files, in which
directives are added to control its behavior.
● In its idle state, Apache listens to the IP addresses identified in its config file
(HTTPd.conf). Whenever it receives a request, it analyzes the headers,
applies the rules specified for it in the Config file, and takes action.
What is MySQL?
● MySQL is a relational database management system (DBMS or RDBMS)
owned by Oracle.
● MySQL is one of the most popular open source database management
systems.
● It is widely used in websites and web applications to store data.
● Irrespective of its extensive use and acceptance by developers, MySQL
requires backups when deployed in a production environment.
● MySQL is based on client-server model.
● The core part of MySQL is MySQL Server .
● MySQL Server is used to handle database commands .
● The MySQL Server is fast , scalable and easy to use.
● MySQL can be used with different languages using certain connectors