Synchronous/Asyn.

Counter
 ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS
•Only LSB flip-flop controlled by the clock input

•Also known as a RIPPLE COUNTER

•Two or more “T” flip-flops interconnected, output

of each flip-flop connected to clock input of the next.

•Modulus- number of stable states in each flip-flop cycle

•Modulus = 2 N
N= number of flip-flops
N 1
•Highest number in count = 2
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)

• Asynchronous Counter : flip-flop doesn’t
change condition simultaneously because it
doesn’t use single clock signal
• Also known as ripple counter because clock
signal input as ripple through counter

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

•Asynchronous
  UP Counter (Ripple)
• + ve edge triggering -- Clock -
• -ve edge triggering --- Clock -

Asynchronous DOWN Counter (Ripple)

• + ve edge triggering -- Clock -
• -ve edge triggering --- Clock -

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)

• Example: 2-bit ripple UP counter
• Output from one flip-flop is connected to clock input for the
next flip-flop MSB

5
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)

• Example: 3-bit ripple UP counter

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)

• Example: 4-bit ripple UP counter (negative edge triggered)

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Asynchronous Down Counter
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Down Counter

• Example: 3-bit binary down counter (MOD 8)

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Down Counter

• The previous example is up asynchronous counter
• Down asynchronous counter count from large to zero and
repeat
• Example: 3-bit binary down counter

10
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Asynchronous Down Counter

• The previous example is up asynchronous counter
• Down asynchronous counter count from large to zero and
repeat
• Example: 3-bit binary down counter

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Asynchronou
s Up/Down
Counter
Asynchronous Up/Down Counter
Asynchronous Up/Down Counter
Synchronous counter
Synchronous up/down
Counters
Synchronous up/down
Counters
Synchronous MOD 5 Counters
Synchronous MOD 5 Counters