Synchronous counter

Counters
• A counter is a register that goes through a
predetermined sequence of states upon the
application of clock pulses.
• Counters are categorized as:
– Ripple Counters:
The FF output transition serves as a source for triggering
other FFs. No common clock.
– Synchronous Counter:
All FFs receive the common clock pulse, and the change of
state is determined from the present state.
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Synchronous counter: flip-flop with the same synchronous
clock signal
• We can build synchronous counter using process to design
sequential circuit
• Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flop
or JK)

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flop
or JK) cont….

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flop
or JK) cont….

YAMANI /ZAILY 5
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flop
or JK) cont….

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flop
or JK) cont….

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Synchronous Binary Counters:
J-K Flip Flop Design of a 4-bit Binary Up Counter
Synchronous Binary Counters:
J-K Flip Flop Design of a Binary Up Counter (cont.)
Synchronous Binary Counters:
J-K Flip Flop Design of a Binary Up Counter (cont.)
Synchronous Binary Counters:
J-K Flip Flop Design of a Binary Up Counter (cont.)
Synchronous Binary Counters:
J-K Flip Flop Design of a Binary Up Counter (cont.)

logic 1 Q0
J JQ0 = 1
C
KQ0 = 1
K

J Q1 JQ1 = Q0
C KQ1 = Q0
K

J Q2 JQ2 = Q0 Q1
C
KQ2 = Q0 Q1
K

J Q3
C JQ3 = Q0 Q1 Q2
K KQ3 = Q0 Q1 Q2
CLK
 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: BCD Synchronous Counter

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Synchronous Counter (Parallel)

• Example: BCD Synchronous Counter

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Up/Down Synchronous Counter

• Up/Down Synchronous Counter: two way counter which
able to count up or down
• Up/Down control input line which determine the counter
– Up/Down = 1 (count up)
– Up/Down = 0 (count down)

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Up/Down Synchronous Counter

• Example: 3-bit Up/Down Synchronous Counter

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Up/Down Synchronous Counter

• Example: 3-bit Up/Down Synchronous Counter (cont)

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Designing Synchronous Counter

• See sequential logic lecture notes
• Example: 3-bit Gray Code Counter (using JK flip-flop)

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Designing Synchronous Counter

• 3-bit Gray Code Counter: flip-flop input

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 Sequential Circuit: Counter

Designing Synchronous Counter

• 3-bit Gray Code Counter: logic diagram

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