Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Curves - Concepts and Design Part-2 24 25-02-2015
Curves - Concepts and Design Part-2 24 25-02-2015
Transition Curves
An easement curve,
introduced between straight & curved track
to facilitate gradual change
of Curvature & Super-elevation
from Straight Track to Curved Track
Key Design Parameters for
Transition Curves
Rate of Change of
Actual Cant (RCa) mm/s,
Cant Deficiency (RCd) mm/s,
v Ca
Transition Transition
Transition Curves
C D B
E
Transition Curve
S H Tangent
S/2
A L/2 F L/2 G
where,
1750mm é m ù
RC d = ê0.3 3 ú @ 53.5 mm s
9.81 m 2 ë s û
s
Length of Transition Curve
L1 = Ca* Vm / RCa
or
L 2 = C d* V m / R C d
or
L3 = C a / i
Length of Transition Curve
2/3rd of L1
or
2/3rd of L2
or
½ of L3
Procedure to find Speed on Curve
V Ca
Transition Transition
If there is no Transition Curve ?
v Ca
Transition Transition
Virtual Transition
?
m
~2
Virtual Transition
• If there is no space for transition, circular curve
immediately follows the straight, the distance
between bogie centers becomes the transition
virtually
• For BG - 14.6 M
• For MG - 13.7 M
• Cant is provided in virtual transition length
• half in straight and half in circular curve
• @1 in 360 (max. cant gradient)
max. cant = 14.6 * 2.8 = 40 mm
Reverse and
Compound
Curves
Reverse Curves
Length of intermediate
Transition will be
Maximum of
L1 = 0.008 * (Ca1+Ca2) * Vm
L2 = 0.008 * (Cd1+Cd2) * Vm
L3 = 0.72 * (Ca1+Ca2)
• Not allowed in
–Points and Crossing
–Un-ballasted deck girder bridges
–Transition portion of horizontal curves
Vertical curves
• Important issues
– Vertical acceleration
– Drainage (Sag)
– Ventilation (Summit) in
Tunnels ?
Vertical curves
• Shall be as flat as possible to reduce Discomfort to
passengers
• Vertical Acceleration 0.3 – 0.45 m/s2
• Radius Rv ≥ Vm2 / am
Minimum Radius
Route
(m)
A 4,000
B 3,000
C,D,E & MG 2,500
Effects of curve: Curve Resistance
Compensation for Curvature on gradient
• Known as Grade Compensation
L = H * Ca/G
H = height of the structure
or maximum height of
vehicle whichever is less
Clearances on curves :
Additional Allowance due to Lurch & Sway
• Inside of a Curve
– ¼ of lean due to super-elevation
• Outside of a Curve
– Not to be considered if lean is there
• We do not take advantage of the extra
clearance given by lean away from outer
side structures
Extra Clearances on Curves: Platforms
and structures
Clearance On Curves :
Effect of Chords
Over-Throw and End-Throw on Curves
Vo=14.7852/8*R
Over Throw
(Vo)
14.785 m
End Throw
21.340 m (VE)
VE=(21.342-14.7852)/8*R
Extra Clearances due to Curvatures
• Platforms/ structures
– Inside of curve
• (VO + L + S - 51) mm
– Outside of curve
• (VE – 25) mm
Extra Clearances
on Curved Parallel Tracks
Extra Clearances due to Curvatures
Re
Rs R
Rm
Turnouts on Curves
Similar Flexure
ML
T/O
T/O
Contrary Flexure
ML
74
Resultant Lead Radius in
Similar Flexure Turnouts
Main line with Radius
R1 and Degree D1
Re=Rm*Rs/(Rm+Rs)
Re=Rm*Rs/(Rm-Rs)
• Contrary flexure-
– Calculate equilibrium super elevation ML