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    The document discusses key properties of textile fibers, including both primary properties like fiber length, tensile strength, and elasticity as well as secondary properties like resiliency, uniformity, and dyeability. It also compares properties of natural versus manmade fibers, noting that natural fibers are generally hydrophilic while manmade fibers are hydrophobic, and that natural fiber properties depend on nature while manmade fiber properties can be controlled by manufacturers.

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    Lecture 2 (TXE 203)

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    The document discusses key properties of textile fibers, including both primary properties like fiber length, tensile strength, and elasticity as well as secondary properties like resiliency, uniformity, and dyeability. It also compares properties of natural versus manmade fibers, noting that natural fibers are generally hydrophilic while manmade fibers are hydrophobic, and that natural fiber properties depend on nature while manmade fiber properties can be controlled by manufacturers.

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    29 views10 pages

    Properties of Textile Fibers

    Uploaded by

    rehrifat2000
    The document discusses key properties of textile fibers, including both primary properties like fiber length, tensile strength, and elasticity as well as secondary properties like resiliency, uniformity, and dyeability. It also compares properties of natural versus manmade fibers, noting that natural fibers are generally hydrophilic while manmade fibers are hydrophobic, and that natural fiber properties depend on nature while manmade fiber properties can be controlled by manufacturers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Lecture 02

    Properties of
    Textile Fibers
    Primary and Key Properties of Fibers
    • Fiber Length
    • Length to Width Ratio
    • Tensile Properties (Strength/Elongation)
    • Elasticity (Modulus of Elasticity)
    • Flexibility
    • Elastic Recovery from Strain
    • Cohesiveness
    • Chemical compositions, structure and molecular arrangement.
    Primary and Key Properties of Fibers
    • Wet Ability or Moisture Absorption
    • Dye-ability
    • Density
    • Comfort to human skin.
    Primary and Key Properties of Fibers
    • Wet Ability or Moisture Absorption
    • Dye-ability
    • Density
    • Comfort to human skin.
    Secondary and Auxiliary Properties of Fibers
    • Resiliency
    • Toughness
    • Uniformity
    • Crimp
    • Fineness (MIC)
    • Color/Luster (Reflecting Index)
    • Maturity ratio/Index
    • Fiber Friction
    Secondary and Auxiliary Properties of Fibers
    • Cohesiveness
    • Low glass transition temperature
    • High Melting/Burning/ Decomposition temperature ( Low Flammability and heat
    resistance)
    • Moisture content/regain (%)
    • Capillarity
    • Surface tension and Interface tension
    • Drapes
    • High abrasion resistance
    • Chemical resistance
    Secondary and Auxiliary Properties of Fibers
    • Solubility (Normally fibers should be insoluble)
    • Electrostatic Properties
    Difference between Natural Fiber and Manmade Fiber:

    SL/No Natural Fiber Man Made Fiber


    1 The fibers which we get from nature The fibers which are developed by man re
    re called natural fiber. called man made fiber.

    2 Generally fibers are hydrophilic. Generally fibers are hydrophobic

    3 No. of molecule controlled by nature. No. of molecule controlled by man.

    4 Length of the fiber is nature given. Length of the fiber is controlled by man.

    5 We get fibres as staple or filament. No question about short or long staple


    fiber. It depends on man will.

    6 Less strength and durability. More strength and durability.


    Difference between Natural Fiber and Manmade Fiber:

    SL/No Natural Fiber Man Made Fiber


    7 No need to spinneret for spinning Spinneret is essential for filament
    process. production.
    8 The fabric made from natural fiber is Man made fiber is not comfortable and
    comfortable and good for health. not good for health.
    9 Natural fiber is not favorable for Manmade fibers are favorable for
    finishing. finishing.
    10 Comparatively less durable than Manmade fibers are more durable than
    synthetic fiber. natural fiber.
    11 Fineness varies from one fiber to Fineness depends on the manufacturers
    another fiber.
    12 Natural fiber has a great demand as Synthetic fiber is widely used in every day
    humans wear. life except humans wear.
    13 Natural fiber is called environment Manmade fibers are not environment
    friendly. friendly. Some fibers are harmful for the
    environment like: Polypropylene.
    Difference between Natural Fiber and Manmade Fiber:
    SL/No Natural Fiber Man Made Fiber
    14 Natural fibers needs to Scouring and bleaching is done in
    scouring and bleaching process very few cases
    before wet processing.
    15 It is not possible to change in It is easy to change in fiber
    fiber structure. structure.
    16 It is expensive. It is cheaper.
    17 Bears crimp naturally. We have to give crimp manually.
    18 It grows with its natural color.Colors are added in the solution
    bath as required.
    19 It is easy to dye the fiber. Coloration is not so easy as natural
    fiber.
    20 Dust and impurities could be in No dust or impurities contain in
    natural fiber. synthetic fiber.
    21 The use of natural fibers are Manmade fibers are used in multi
    limited than manmade fiber. task than natural fiber.

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