Chemical Reaction

Indicators / Evidences
Chemical Reaction
A chemical change which
forms new substances. During a chemical
reaction we do not loose
 A process that
any atoms, or matter, in
involves
the process; instead, we
rearrangement of the 02
play atomic sized lego's--
molecular or ionic
meaning we break apart
structure of a
the bonds that hold
substance as oppose 01 03
atoms together and re-
to a change in
arrange them to make
physical form.
new substances.
Indicators/Evidence of Chemical Reaction
01 Gas Bubbles Appear
 Gas bubbles appear after a chemical reaction has occured and the mixture become saturated
with gas. The chemical change creates the gas completed after the gas bubbles leave the
mixture.
 Example: When antacid is dropped in a glass of water and begins to bubble or when boiling
water bubbles.

02 Formation of Precipitate
 A solid, known as a precipitate, that forms after the two solutions are mixed is also a
sign of a chemical change. The precipitate will sometimes fall to the bottom of the
container or it may remain suspended in the mixture and make the mixture cloudy.
 Example:Mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride in water will cause silver chloride to
precipitate out of solution as a solid. In this example, the precipitate is silver chloride.
Indicators/Evidence of Chemical Reaction

03 Color Change
 Each chemical compound has a characteristic color. When the compound changes
during a chemical reaction, the color may change as well. A color change does not
always indicate that a chemical change has occured since there are other factors that
can contribute to a change in color.
 Example: When a half eaten apple turns brown after it has been exposed to the air.

04 Temperature Change
 Energy is required to break and form chemical bonds. Chemical reactions that involve
bond-breaking tend to absorb energy from the surroundings, making the surroundings
cooler. Chemical reactions that involved making bonds release energy, mwhich makes
the surroundings hotter.
 Example: Burning fires produces heat.
Indicators/Evidence of Chemical Reaction

05 Production of Light
 When energy is released due to a chemical change it sometimes creates a light
source. This type of chemical reaction tends to occur in combustion reaction such as a
fire or burning process.
 Example: Fireworks, exploding in the sky and creating a colorful display.

06 Change in Smell or Taste

 When the compound changes after a chemical reaction, the taste or smell of the
compound changes as well.
 Example: When fresh food that once smelled delicious slowly spoils and smells rotten.
This bad smell send a warning signal to the brain that tells the person not to eat the
food.
E x a m p l e s o f C ShUeB m
T I Ti L
cEa l R e a c t i o n

1. B u r n i n g 2. Metabolism 3. R o t t i n g 4. Mixing

wood banana vinegar and

baking soda
Theories of
Combustion
Combustion
 Combustion is a chemical
process or a reaction
between Fuel (Hydrocarbon)
and Oxygen.

 When fuel and oxygen

react it releases the heat
and light energy. Heat and
light energy then result in
the flame.
Antoine Lavoisier

 The major scientific theories of

lavoisier's time was the phlogiston
theory, which affirmed that the
combustion was formed by element
called phlogiston.
 When things burned, freed phlogiston in
the air it reacts with oxygen. This is
known as the Theory of oxidation, and
this is accepted up to this day.
Antoine Lavoisier

 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, also Antoine

Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a
French nobleman and chemist who was central
to the 18th-century chemical revolution and
who had a large influence on both the history of
chemistry and the history of biology.

 Full name: Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

 Born: 26 August 1743, Paris, France
 Died: 8 May 1794, Paris, France
 Known for: Combustion; Identified oxygen;
Identified hydrogen; Stoichiometry
 Discovered: Oxygen, Carbon, Silicon
Phlogiston Theory
 Phlogiston was an invisible fluid
that was release from objects onto
the air as they burned.
 Materials that burned easily and left
little residue, like paper, were
thought to be nearly all phlogiston.
 Materials that burned poorly were
thought to contain very little
phlogiston.
Theory of Oxidation
 The oxygen theory of combustion resulted
from a demanding and sustained campaign
to construct an experimentally grounded
chemical theory of combustion, respiration,
and calcination.
 The theory that emerged was in many
respects a mirror image of the phlogiston
theory, but gaining evidence to support the
new theory involved more that merely
demonstrating the errors and inadequacies
of the previous theory.
T h a n k Yo u !