DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING

NAME:
M D . FA R A H A L
MAHMUD
ID: 17-33502-1
D E PA R T M E N T - C O E
 TOPICS

• A- Time-shifting, time reversal properties of Z-transform. 

• B- Conversion of Continuous time signals to Discrete-time

signals.
 TIME-SHIFTING
• Time shifting property depicts how the change in the time domain in the discrete signal will
affect the Z-domain, which can be written as;

• x(n−n0)⟷X(Z)Z−nx(n−n0)⟷X(Z)Z−n
• Or x(n−1)⟷Z−1X(Z)x(n−1)⟷Z−1X(Z)
• Proof −
• Let y(P)=X(P−K)y(P)=X(P−K)
• Y(z)=∑∞p=−∞y(p)Z−pY(z)=∑p=−∞∞y(p)Z−p
• =∑∞p=−∞(x(p−k))Z−p=∑p=−∞∞(x(p−k))Z−p
• Let s = p-k
• =∑∞s=−∞x(s)Z−(s+k)=∑s=−∞∞x(s)Z−(s+k)
• =∑∞s=−∞x(s)Z−sZ−k=∑s=−∞∞x(s)Z−sZ−k
• =Z−k[∑∞s=−∞x(m)Z−s]=Z−k[∑s=−∞∞x(m)Z−s]
• =Z−kX(Z)=Z−kX(Z) HenceProvedHenceProved
• Here, ROC can be written as Z = 0 p>0p>0 or Z = ∞p<0
 TIME REVERSAL PROPERTIES
• Time Shifting Property
• If x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)

• Then Time shifting property states that

• x(n−m)⟷Z.Tz−mX(Z)x(n−m)⟷Z.Tz−mX(Z)

• Multiplication by Exponential Sequence Property

•
If x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)

• Then multiplication by an exponential sequence property states that

• an.x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z/a)an.x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z/a)
•
Time Reversal Property
• If x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)x(n)⟷Z.TX(Z)
• Then time reversal property states that
• x(−n)⟷Z.TX(1/Z)
 CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS

• In contrast, continuous time views variables as having a particular

value for potentially only an infinitesimally short amount of time.
Between any two points in time there are an infinite  number of other
points in time. The variable "time" ranges over the entire real number
line, or depending on the context, over some subset of it such as the
non-negative . Thus time is viewed as a continuous variable.

• A signal of continuous amplitude and time is known as a continuous-

time signal or an analog signal. This will have some value at every
instant of time. The electrical signals derived in proportion with the
physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, sound etc. are
generally continuous signals. Other examples of continuous signals
are sine wave, cosine wave, triangular wave etc.
 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS

• Discrete time views values of variables as occurring at distinct, separate

"points in time", or equivalently as being unchanged throughout each
non-zero region of time ("time period")—that is, time is viewed as
a discrete variable.
• A non-time variable jumps from one value to another as time moves from
one time period to the next.
• This view of time corresponds to a digital clock that gives a fixed reading
of 10:37 for a while, and then jumps to a new fixed reading of 10:38, etc.
• In this framework, each variable of interest is measured once at each time
period. The number of measurements between any two time periods is
finite. Measurements are typically made at sequential integer values of
the variable "time".
• A discrete signal or discrete-time signal is a time series consisting of
a sequence of quantities.
Thank you!