THESIS WRITING

PROFESSOR NORMA C. ALMARIO, MA-

ESI
WEEK 1 MODULE 1 –
RESEARCH METHODS
Research Methods
A. Qualitative Research
Interviews
Focus groups
Observations
Document analysis
Oral history or life stories
B. Quantitative Research
Surveys or questionnaires
Observation
Document screening
Experiments
WEEK 2 MODULE 2 –
Population Sampling
Populations
Target population (universe)
Accessible population
Samples
Sampling 
Sampling frame
Randomization 
Representativeness 
 Parameter 
Statistic 
Precision 
A.Types of Sampling Methods
A.1 - probability (Random Sampling)
Simple Random
Stratified random
Proportional
Disproportional
Cluster random sampling
Systematic
A.2 Non-probability sampling methods
Types of non-probability sampling methods
Convenience 
Quota
Purposive 
Snowball
WEEK 3 MODULE 3 –
Research Instruments
Questionnaire Examples
1. Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire
2. Product Use Satisfaction Questionnaire
3. Company Communications Evaluation Questionnaire
Forms of questionnaire
Written questionnaire
On-Line questionnaire
Characteristics of a good questionnaire
Uniformity
Exploratory
Question Sequence
Types of questionnaires
Structured Questionnaires
Unstructured Questionnaires
Types of questions in a questionnaire
Open-Ended Questions
Dichotomous Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Scaling Questions
Pictorial Questions
Types of Questionnaires based on Distribution
Online Questionnaire
Telephone Questionnaire
In-House Questionnaire
Mail Questionnaire
Steps Involved in Questionnaire Design
1. Identify the scope of your research
2. Keep it simple
3. Ask only one question at a time
4. Be flexible with your options
5. The open-ended or closed-ended question is a tough choice
6. It is essential to know your audience
7. Choosing the right tool is essential
Differences between a Questionnaire
Questionnaire Survey and a Survey

A questionnaire can is a research instrument that A survey is a research method used for collecting data
Meaning consists of a set of questions to collect information from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain
from a respondent. information and insights on various topics of interest.

What is it? The instrument of data collection Process of collecting and analyzing that data

Consists of questionnaire and survey design, logic and

Characteristic Subset of survey
data collection

Time and Cost Fast and cost-effective Much slower and expensive

Use Conducted on the target audience Distributed or conducted on respondents

Questions Close-ended and very rarely open-ended Close-ended and open-ended

Answers Objective Subjective or objective

WEEK 4 MODULE 4 –
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Gathering
Types of data gathering procedure
• Interviews.
• Questionnaires and surveys.
• Observations.
• Documents and records.
• Focus groups.
• Oral history
How to create a data gathering procedure
1. Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data.
2. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
3. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.
4. Step 4: Collect data.
5. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.
6. Step 6: Act on results.
Importance of Data Gathering Procedure

It ensures integrity of research

Answers research questions posed by the researchers
Makes it easier for other researchers to repeat and validate the study
Useful for describing social or physical phenomena
Useful in identifying questions requiring further investigation
WEEK 5 MODULE 5 – Statistical Treatment
of Data

Statistical Treatment of Data

Mean
Mode
Median
Standard Deviation
Distribution Range
 WEEK 6 MODULE 6 – Ethical Considerations
in Research

Importance of Ethics in Research

Thank You!