1.

Stablish the vital

contribution of Jose
Rizal’s
z
Works and
Writings that Helped in
Nations Building
z

Rizal's law, which requires all Philippine educational institutions to give a cou
rse on Rizal's works and life, especially his books Noli and El Fili. 

First and foremost, Rizal is deserving of recognition as one of the most noble
 and idealistic Filipinos of all time. 

His values, beliefs, and way of life are admirable. 

Every Filipino or other race of today's generation could be influenced by him
, and I speak from personal experience when I say that he is truly a legend. 

Second, his works, particularly Noli and El Fili, are his soul and where he spe
nt his life. 

This is his perspective on the facts of his country during the Spanish rule, as 
well as his impressions of it.
zDr. José Rizal, the Philippines’ national hero, is revered not only for his
intellectual brilliance, but also for standing up to the Spanish colonial
government and opposing it. Rizal will be remembered for his
compassion towards the Filipino people and the world, even though his
death sparked a revolution to overthrow the tyranny.

 A multi-talented person

Rizal studied law at the University of Santo Tomas while receiving
 his land surveyor and assessor’s degree at Ateneo (UST). Howev
er, after learning that his mother was going blind, he decided to e
nroll in UST’s medicine school and later specialize in ophthalmolo
gy. He chose to move to Madrid, Spain, in May 1882, and receive
d his Licentiate in Medicine from the Universidad Central de Mad
rid.
 z

Apart from being a medical specialist, an author, and an essayist, Rizal possessed a wide variety of abilities. 
He could paint, draw, and sculpt. 
Since he spent about ten years in Europe, he became a polyglot, speaking 22 languages. 
Rizal had varying levels of experience in architecture, sociology, anthropology, fencing, martial arts, and economics, to nam
e a few.
z

• Philippine nationalism was reawakened by his nov
els.

• Rizal was an outspoken opponent of the Spanish g
overnment, but he did so in a peaceful and democ
ratic way. “The pen was mightier than the sword in
 his eyes,” he said. And he revealed the hypocrisy a
nd w-
rongdoings of both government officials and Spani
sh friars through his writings.
z
But two books, Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) and El
Filibusterismo, stood out among his best works (The
Reign of the Greed).

Rizal sharply criticized Spanish colonial rule in the

Philippines in both books, exposing the ills of Philippine
society at the time. The authorities also prohibited
Filipinos from reading the controversial books because he
wrote about the country’s injustices and brutalities
perpetrated by Spaniards. However, they were unable to
absolutely prohibit it. When more Filipinos read the books,
they understood that the friars were exploiting them in
unspeakable ways. The Philippine Revolution is said to
have been sparked unintentionally by these two novels by
Rizal, which are now considered his literary masterpieces.
z
Rizal's unlucky days
• Rizal returned to the Philippines and founded the
La Liga Filipina, a radical group. This civic
movement pressed for social reforms through
the courts. Rizal was now seen as a greater threat
by the Spanish authorities (along with his novels
and essays), and was exiled to Dapitan in
northern Mindanao.
• This did not, however, prevent him from carrying
out his reform proposals. Rizal constructed a
school, a hospital, and a water system in Dapitan.
He also taught agriculture and worked on
agricultural projects including making ropes out
of abaca.
 • After volunteering to fly to Cuba to treat yellow fever victims, Rizal was gr
z ant-
ed leave by then GovernorGeneral Blanco in 1896. However, the Katipun
an was witnessing a fullfledged revolt at the time, and Rizal was accused 
of being a member of the underground militant society. He was apprehe
nded in Barcelona on his way to Cuba and sent back to Manila to face the
 court martial. Rizal was convicted of sedition, treason, and insurrection, 
and was sentenced to death by firing squad as a result.

• Rizal sent one of his last letters, Mi ltimo adiós or My Last Goodbye, to
his motherland and countrymen just days before his execution. Dr. José
Rizal was hanged in Bagumbayan, Philippines, on December 30, 1896.
(now referred to as Luneta). When he heard the order to shoot him, he
turned to face the squad and said, “Consummatum est” (It is finished).
According to legend, the Filipino martyr and hero was killed by a single
bullet.
z
His legacy continues to live on.
 The Philippine Revolution continued after his death until 1898.
On June 12, 1898, the Philippines proclaimed independence
from Spain with the aid of the United States. The Philippine flag
was raised at General Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence in Kawit,
Cavite, at this time.
THE MEMORIAL MONUMENT OF
JOSE RIZAL
z
Dr. Rizal’s brilliance, humanity, bravery, and patriotism are still
respected and remembered by Filipinos today. Students and
professionals are constantly analyzing his two novels.
 In the Philippines, colleges and universities also require students
to take a course centered on Rizal’s life and works. Every year on
December 30th, Filipinos celebrate Rizal’s life and works by
celebrating Rizal Day. Filipinos reflect on how his establishment of
La Liga Filipina and his two novels influenced the Philippine
Revolution’s early stages. His support for gaining liberty by
nonviolent means rather than violent revolution is also well-known.
Seattle View, Bridge Of Jose Rizal
z
 Rizal memorials and sculptures can be found not only in the Philippines,
but also in a few cities around the world. He has a road named after him
in the Chanakyapuri region of New Delhi, India, and in Medan,
Indonesia. In Seattle, the José Rizal Bridge and Rizal Park honor the
late hero.

 Streets, towns/cities, a university (Rizal University), and a province are

all named after him in the Philippines. The Draco rizali (a small lizard
known as a flying dragon), Apogania rizali (a very unusual type of beetle
with five horns), and Rhacophorus rizali (a rare type of beetle with five
horns) have all been named after Rizal (a peculiar frog species).

 The Philippines established a memorial park for him, now known as

Rizal Park, in Manila, to honor his contributions to the country. A
memorial with a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, an obelisk, and a
stone foundation said to hold his remains can be found there. The
monument is located near the spot where he was executed in Luneta.
z
2. Explore Rizal’s life as A child
with emphasis in his family lineage
z
z
z

A individual may have anything in life, including minds,

money, and strength, but without the help of Divine
Providence, he or she can never achieve national
greatness.
 Rizal was divinely appointed to be his country’s pride
and glory.

 God had bestowed upon him the multifaceted abilities

of a genius, the vivacious spirit of a patriot, and the
brave heart to sacrifice for a noble cause.
3. Discuss
z
the cultural way of
living in Rizal's time as to give
explanation to socio- cultural and
political status in the nineteenth
century
z

We need to look at the events of the nineteenth century to better

understand how Rizal influenced Filipino nationalism. •The rise and
spread of populism and democracy
 The Industrial Revolution

 The Surge of Western Imperialism

 The Triumph of Science and Technology •Optimism and faith in

progress

 NATIONALISM’S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT“A sense of

loyalty or psychological connection shared by members of a group,
centered on a shared language, history, culture, and desire for
independence” (Jackson and Jackson, 2000).
z

4. Identify The Different

Important Events That Happened
In The Nineteenth Century With
Emphasis On The Following
z

4. a) Opening Of Suez Canal

 The Suez Canal was opened
to navigation on November
17, 1869. Later, Ferdinand de
Lesseps attempted, but
failed, to create a canal
across the Panama Isthmus.
The Suez Canal was just 25
feet deep when it first
opened, 72 feet wide at the
bottom, and 200 to 300 feet
wide on the surface.
• In an elaborate ceremony attended by French Empress E
ugénie, wife of Napoleon III, the Suez Canal, which conne
cts the Mediterranean and the Red Seas, is inaugurated.
• Ferdinand de Lesseps, the former French consul in Cairo,
se-
cured an agreement with the Ottoman governor of Egy
pt
in 1854 to construct a canal that would span the Isthmus 
of Suez for 100 miles. A construction plan was drawn up 
by an international team of engineers, and the Suez Cana
l Com-
pany was established in 1856 and given the right to run t
he canal for 99 years after it was completed.
• Construction started in April 1859, and for the first few m
onths, forced laborers dug by hand with picks and shove
ls.
• European workers arrived later with dredgers and steam
 shovels. 
Construction was slowed by labor disputes and a cholera o
utbreak, and the Suez Canal was not completed until 1869,
 four years late. 
The Suez Canal was opened to navigation on November 1
7, 1869. 
Later, Ferdinand de Lesseps attempted, but failed, to creat
e a canal across the Panama Isthmus.
z

 Suez Canal was just 25 feet deep when it first ope-
ned, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide on th
e surface. As a result, in its first full year of service, it was only u
sed by around 500 ships. How-
ever, major developments began in 1876, and the ca-
nal quickly became one of the world’s busiest ship-
ping lanes. When the British purchased the shares of the
new Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1875, they bec- the Suez Ca
nal Company’s largest shareholder. Britain invaded Egypt seve
n years later, in 1882, and began a long occupation of the regio
n.The 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty gave Egypt almost complete
independence, but Britain retained rights to protect the canal.
z

4. b) Secularization
 Until the mid-nineteenth century, the word “secularization” meant either the
transfer of ecclesiastical property from the church to secular authorities (as
during the Reformation or the French Revolution) or the relinquishment of
orders by monks or nuns. In today’s use, the word denotes a decrease in the
presence of religion in a given society. This decline is generally discussed on
one of two levels: religious values and practices, or the public position of
religion.Scholars interested in the changing role of religion, especially
Christianity, in European society from the Enlightenment to the present have
focused on secularization. This entry offers a summary of the scholarship on
European society’s secularization since the 1960s, with a focus on
contributions from sociologists and historians.
z

Secularization Movement
4. c. Frailocracy
z
z
4. d) Birth Of Middle Class

Middle Class
-Natives, mestizos, and criollos all fall into this
category.
 Natives – the pure Filipinos
Filipinos with mixe
d indigenous Filipi
no, European, or C
hinese ancestry ar
e known as Mestiz
os.
Criollos
• The 19th century

• Political and economic changes in Europe were even
tually starting to affect Spain, and thus the Philippin
es, by the late 18th century. 
The gradual abolition of the galleon to Acapulco's m
onopoly served as a significant trade stimulant. 
The last galleon arrived in Manila in 1815, and by th
e mid-
1830s, the city was almost completely open to forei
gn traders. 
After the Suez Canal was completed in 1869, deman
d for Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp) grew even 
faster, and the volume of exports to Europe increas
ed even more.
 z

The rise of commercial agriculture gave birth to a ne
w social class. 
Along with the church's landholdings and the pre-
Spanish nobility's rice estates, haciendas of coffee, h
e-
mp, and sugar emerged, often owned by enterprisin
g Ch-inese-Filipino mestizos. 
Some of the families who rose to prominence in the
 nineteenth century have remained influential in Phi
lippi-ne politics and economics.
In the Philippines, public education did not begin until 1863, and 
even then, the curriculum was regulated by the church. 
Fewer than one-
fifth of those who went to school could read and write Spanish, a
nd even fewer could communicate effectively in the language. 
The colony's limited higher education was entirely controlled by t
he clergy, but by the 1880s, many sons of the rich were being sen
t to Europe to study. 
In the liberal environment, nationalism and a desire for reform fl
ourished. 
What became known as the Propaganda Movement emerged fro
m this talented group of overseas Filipino students. Magazines,
poetry, and pamphleteering were all thriving at the time. José
Rizal, the movement’s most brilliant figure, wrote two political
novels that had a wide impact in the Philippines: Noli me tangere
(1887; Touch Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of
Greed). Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892 and founded the
Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded society loyal to Spain that
said nothing about independence. However, the excessively
frightened Spanish quickly apprehended Rizal, exiled him to a
remote island in the south, and finally executed him in 1896.
Meanwhile, within the Philippines, a less privileged class had
formed a strong commitment to independence.
z
z

 MULA, JULIA ALEXANDRA P.

 OMEGA, XYRYLL KRYSTN F.

 LOPEZ, TERESA Q.

 LUZARES, ROLLY A.

 MAYRAN, RUBEN P.