WHAT IS AGRICULTURE ?

DERIVED FROM “AGER” WHICH MEANS “FIELDS”

SO AGRICULTURE MEANS “CULTURE THE FIELDS”.

AGRICULTURE
“THE SCIENCE OR PRACTICE OF FARMING, INCLUDING CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL
FOR THE GROWING OF CROPS AND THE REARING OF ANIMALS TO PROVIDE FOOD,
WOOL, AND OTHER PRODUCTS.”
 INTRODUCTION

JOHN SALAZAR (FORMER US COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT)

SAID;

“THERE IS ONLY ONE THING THAT CAN BRING OUR NATION DOWN,
OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR FOOD AND
ENERGY.”
“AGRICULTURE IS THE BACKBONE OF OUR ECONOMY”.
 INTRODUCTION
Pakistan Has A Rich And Vast Natural Resource Base, Covering Various
Ecological And Climatic Zones, Hence The Country Has Great Potential
For Producing All Types Of Food Commodities.
Agriculture Has An Important Direct And Indirect Role In
Generating Economic Growth.

The Importance Of Agriculture To The Economy Is Seen In Three Ways:

First, It Provides Food To Consumers And Fibers For Domestic
Industry.
Second, It Is A Source Of Scarce Foreign Exchange Earnings. Third, It
Provides A Market For Industrial Goods.
 INTRODUCTION

Agriculture Sector Provides The Opportunities To Millions Of Rural

People To Strive Against Poverty And Hunger. This Sector Alone Cannot
Achieve The Desired Level Of Economic Development,
But Its Role In The Process Of Economic Development Is Very
Unique.
It Can Work With Other Sectors To Achieve The Faster Rate Of Economic
Growth And Development. Therefore, Agricultural Terms Of Trade Linking
With Output, Investment, Productivity And Growth In Agriculture Affect
Rural Economy And Improvement In Agricultural Terms Of Trade Would
Lead To Gain Welfare Of Farmers.
 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture Sector Provides The Opportunities To Millions Of
Rural People To Strive Against Poverty And Hunger.
It Is The Largest Income And Employment Generating Sector Of
Pakistan Economy.

About 2/3 Population Resides In Rural Areas And Directly Or

Indirectly Depend On This Sector For Their Livelihood And As Well As
On Livestock.

Agricultural Sector Was Highly Protected And Various Policies Of Support

Price And Subsidizing Programs Were Working In Both Developed And
Less Developed Countries.
 INTRODUCTION
AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN PAKISTAN
Population depends 70%
Service Agricultu
Labor Force Employment 44% re
53.6
Share in GDP 25% 25.1%
Total cultivated area 22 million Industry
hector
21%
Total Area Hector 79.6
Share in
Country Export 80%
GDP
 Introduction
 Economic structure
 Agriculture
 Manufacturing
 Other (including services & Trade)

GDP Contribution 2009-10

Agriculture 61%

Manufacturing 21%

Others(Incl. Services &..)

Shift in economic structure
1949/50- 2009/10
60
50
40
30
20
10 1949/50
0 2009/10
Crops
 The main agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice,
sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk,
beef, mutton, and eggs.
 There are two principal seasons , Kharif and Rabi.
 Pakistan is one of the world's largest
producers of raw cotton.
 Tobacco is grown mainly in the NWFP and Punjab
and is an important cash crop.
Food Exports
 Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of the following according to
the Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations and given here with ranking:

 Chickpea (2nd)
 Apricot (4th)
 Cotton (4th)
 Sugarcane (4th)
 Milk (5th)
 Onion (5th)
 Date Palm (6th)
 Mango (7th)
 Rice (8th)
 Wheat (9th)
 Oranges (10th)

Pakistan ranks twentieth worldwide in farm output.

Irrigation
 Pakistan’s has one of the largest irrigation
systems in the world.
 Pakistan irrigates three times more acres than
Russia
 Indus River and its tributaries are capable of
watering over 16 million hectares.
 Includes dams, barrages, headwork,
canals, and distribution channels.
 Indus Waters Treaty of 1960.
Major Crops of Pakistan
 Wheat
 Rice
 Maize
 Grams
 Pulses
 Cotton
 Sugarcane
 Tobacco
 mustard
 Pakistan Agriculture
 Annual growth rate
 1959-60 to 2001-02: 3.7%
 1999-2000 to 2005-06: 2.6%

 Major crops(35 % of agric. GDP): 2.8%

 Livestock (50 % of agric. GDP): 3.5%
Contribution of Major & Minor
Corps in Agriculture
sector
Crop Wise Contribution 2002/03

wheat 37%

All others (major+minor)35%

Sugarcane 4%

Cotton 14%

Rice 10%
Agricultural Sector of Pakistan
 Total area 79.6 million hectares
 Population depends 70%
 Labor force employment 44%
 Share in GDP 26%
 Total cultivated land area 22 million hectares
 Total exports 80%
Agriculture Contribution to
GDP(%)
Description 2009/10

Major crops 40.64

Minor crops 15.90

Livestock 38.85

Fisheries 3.48

Forestry 1.13
Role and Importance
of Agriculture
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
OF AGRICULTURE

INCREASE IN PER CAPITA INCOME:

PER CAPITA INCOME IS THE ANNUAL AVERAGE INCOME OF THE

INDIVIDUALS OF A NATION. WE DERIVE IT BY DIVIDING NATIONAL INCOME
ON TOTAL POPULATION
CURRENT PCI IS $ 1254 AT PRESENT.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE
MAJOR SOURCE OF EMPLOYMENT

AGRICULTURE SECTOR PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT TO MAJOR PORTION OF

OUR LABOR FORCE.
 MORE THAN 45.0% OF OUR LABOR FORCE IS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN
AGRICULTURE SECTOR.
 66.7% OF OUR RURAL POPULATION IS DEPENDENT ON AGRICULTURE.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE

REDUCTION IN POVERTY SOURCE OF FOREX EARNING

AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT HAS Agriculture sector is the main source
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON RURAL of foreign exchange (forex) earning
DEVELOPMENT. which is used to import capital goods.

PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES IN  Total forex resources of Pakistan is $

AGRICULTURE IT REDUCES POVERTY. 17.1 billion out of which share
of agriculture is $2007.3million
 21.0% POPULATION OF PAKISTAN
IS
MUCH POOR.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE

SOURCE OF NATIONAL INCOME

AT THE TIME OF PARTITION, CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR TO GNP
WAS 60%, WHICH DECREASED TO 29.4% IN 1980-81.
 NOW ITS SHARE TO GDP IS 20.9%.
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IS THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL
INCOME.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
AGRICULTURE

INCREASE IN GOVT. REVENUE

 THERE IS NO DIRECT TAX ON THE AGRICULTURAL INCOME.

 INDIRECTLY GOVERNMENT RECEIVES A HUGE AMOUNT OF TAX FORM AGRICULTURAL

SECTOR.
 IT IMPOSED SOME DUTIES ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN FARMING.
 General factors
 1.Overcrowding in agriculture

 65% of population depends on agriculture

 Area of cultivated land per cultivator
declined
 Small size of holding, modern techniques could
not be applied.
2. Socio-economic factors
 Farmers conservative outlook
 Illiterate
 Superstitions
 Reluctant to adopt modern
technology.
3. Natural factors
 Agriculture is the gamble of rain
 Timely rain
 If no rain, pests attack
4. Lack of adequate finance

 ZTBL, Cooperative banks loan facilities are

not adequate
 Hence farmers depend on alternate sources.
 Technological factors
 High ratio of labour to land
 Under utilization of cultivable land
 Lack of mechanization
 Inadequate supply of inputs
 Poor extension service
 Lack of infrastructure facilities
 Problem of land reforms
Major Agricultural issues
 Scarcity of moisture/rainfall.
 High temperature.
 Soil erosion.
 water logging.
 Low soil fertility.
 Poor quality of under-ground water.
 Low yielding crop varieties and range
management.
How to increase agricultural
production
 Hybrid (high yield) seeds
 Batter quality of seed
 Mechanization
 Chemical technology
 Hydrological technology
 Mechanical technology

 Research and development

 Timely water supply
 Agriculture credit
Recommendations
 Pakistan is still far from realizing the large
potential yield.
 Well-irrigated and fertile soil from the Indus
irrigation system could produce more than present
yield.
 The key to a much-needed improvement of
productivity lies in a more efficient use of
resources, principally land and water.
Recommendations
 Increase investments in research and
technology development
 Accelerate development of high
yielding/disease resistant varieties.
 Training Centers should be made for the
farmers
 Micro financing should be introduced at a bigger
scale in Pakistan for enhancement of rural areas.
.