Doctrine: To describe the morality of human

act.

Morals: To relate the lesson to ways of acting

responsibly and morally.

Worship: To pray, “Lord, guide our feet into

the way of peace.”
 Grounding

The Christian Faith. Art. 2059

“This is the norm of human activity:

according to God’s design and will, it must
be in conformity with the genuine good
and allow each to pursue and fulfill one’s
total vocation.”
 Exposition
Human Acts - The human acts are those
actions which man performs knowingly,
freely, and voluntarily. These actions are
the result of conscious knowledge and are
subject to the control of the will. We refer
to this actions as deliberate, intentional, or
voluntary.
 Acts of Man
The Acts of Man are those actions which
happen in man. They are instinctive and
are not within the control of the will. Such
actions are the biological and
physiological movements in man such as,
metabolism, respiration, fear, anger, love
and jealousy.
Essential Attributes of Human Acts
• It must be performed by a conscious agent
who is aware of what he is doing and of its
consequences. Children below the age of
reason, the insane, the senile-are considered
incapable of acting knowingly.

• It must be performed by an agent who is acting

freely, that is, by his own volition and powers.
An action done under duress and against one’s
will is not entirely a free action.
• It must be performed by an agent who
decides willfully to perform the act. This
willfulness is the resolve to perform an act
here and now, or in some future time.

Human acts must, therefore, be knowing,

free, and willful. The lack of any of these
attributes renders an act defective and less
voluntary.
 In relation to the
Will

Classification of
Human Act

In relation to
Reason
 Elicited
-Wish
-Intention
-Consent
Human Acts in -Choice/Election
Relation to the -Fruition
Will -Command/Use

Commanded
-Mixed
-Internal
-External
Wish is the tendency of
will towards
something, whether
this be realizable, or,
not. The object of
wishing may include
the impossible, or,
that which is
remotely possible,
such as winning the
sweepstakes.
Intention is the
tendency of the will
towards something
attainable but without
necessarily
committing oneself to
attain it. Such is our
intention to study the
lesson, to attend the
party, or to spend a
vacation in Baguio.
Consent is the
acceptance of the
will of those needed
to carry out the
intention. Thus, a
woman is said to
show consent when
she consciously
attracts attention to
herself.
Choice/Election is the
selection of the will
of those means
effective enough to
carry out the
intention. A
Saleslady shows
election when she
opts to visit a client
instead of just
writing him a letter.
Command/Use is the
command of the will
to make use of those
means elected to
carry out the
intention. It is this
act of the will which
moves the salesman
to dress up and take
a ride to see his
client.
Fruition is the
enjoyment of the will
derived from the
attainment of the things
he desired earlier. The
joy of the woman on
being complimented for
her attractiveness, or,
the satisfaction of the
salesman in closing a
deal with his client-is
fruition.
 Good/Moral actions

Human
Acts in
Indifferent/Amoral actions
Relation to
Reason

Evil/Immoral Actions
Good/Moral actions
are those actions
which are in
conformity with the
norm of morality.
They are good actions
and are permissible.
Working, studying,
paying a debt, telling
the truth, loving a
friend- are moral
actions.
Evil/Immoral Actions
are those actions which
are not in conformity
with the norm of
morality. They are bad
or evil and are not
permissible. Refusing
to help the needy,
committing murder,
adultery, stealing,
telling lies- are
immoral actions.
Indifferent/Amoral
actions are those
actions which stand
neutral in relation to the
norm of morality. They
are neither good nor bad
in themselves. But
certain amoral actions
may become good or
bad because of the
circumstances attendant
to them.
“Dictates of Reason” stands for the
norm of morality which is the
standard by which actions are
judged as to their merits or
demerits. On the basis of their
relation to the norm of morality,
actions are classified into moral,
immoral, or amoral.
 Modifiers of Human Acts
Ignorance

Concupiscence

Fear
Violence

Habit
Ignorance – it is
the absence of
knowledge in a
person who is
required to know
what he does not
know. On the other
hand, innocence
means absence of
knowledge in a
person who is not
required to know
what he does not
know.
Concupiscence
– it is an
(passion)
appetite towards
the possession of
good and
avoidance of
evil.
Fear – it is the
emotion that
apprehends
impeding evil and
manifests itself in
the desire to get
away, avoid, or
escape, as far as
possible, from the
impeding threat.
Violence – it is the application or use of physical
power or external force on a person by another for
the purpose of compelling him to do something
against his will.
Habit – it is a constant and easy way of
doing things required by the repetition of the
same act.
 Object of Morality

Determinants
End of Morality
of Morality

Circumstances
The Object of
Morality

The object of
morality refers to
“the object of the
will-act, that which
the will chooses to
do, and thus nothing
else but the act
itself, which is
deliberately willed.
The End of Morality

The end of
morality means
the purpose,
motive or reason
which the agent
intends to
achieve by his
act.
The Circumstances

Circumstances are
defined as
conditions that
affect the human
acts by increasing
or decreasing the
responsibility of
the agent.