RECIPE

INGREDIENT
ONTOLOGY
BSIT & BSSE

C A P S T O N E P R O J E C T- I I

2017-2021

M O N D AY, J U LY 5 , 2 0 2 1
 RECIPE INGREDIENT ONTOLOGY
TEAM

Ms. Qandeel Abbas Mr. Waleed Ahmed Mr. Muhammad Ejaz

Project Lead / BSITF17M038 Project Member/ BSEF17E05 Project Member / BSITF17M08
abbasqandeel19@gmail.com waleedahmedsh7@gmail.com mijaz9165@gmail.com
+92 307 7708417 +92 307 7708417 +92 300 8104265
Sargodha, Sargodha, Sargodha,
Pakistan Pakistan Pakistan

page 2
TEAM LEAD
Honorable instructors
helping and guiding us in
this endeavor.
Mr. Saad Razzaq Mr. Fahad Maqbool
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Incharge of CS & IT Dept fahad.maqbool@uos.edu.p

k
saad.razzaq@uos.edu.pk
+92 48 9230879
+92 48 9230879
Sargodha,
Sargodha,
Pakistan
Pakistan

08/17/2021 3
1. Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Contribution
4. Literature Review
5. Proposed Methodology
6. Conclusion
7. References OVERVIEW
page 4
PROBLEM &
MOTIVATION
- Absence of a perfect and comprehensive
recipe ontology and recipe generation
algorithm with intelligent recipe generation
capabilities.

- Absence of a highly diverse and a large

enough recipe dataset that encompasses an
extensive variety of recipe that eradiates
geographical and regional limitations and
facilitates people from all over the world to
access any type of recipe based on cuisines,
ingredients, diet, regions, taste and so on.
 • DATA EXTRACTION &
TRANSFORMATION
• DATA CONSOLIDATION

• SCHEMA/DATASET COMPARISON
PROJECT • ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
CONTRIBUTION • ONTOLOGY REFINING

• ONTOLOGY POPULATION

• SUMMARIZATION & PUBLISHING

RESULTS
INTRODUCTION:
- Ontology is a structure of operations within a
domain, organized by associations in a system
model. Ontologies are a group of affirmations
written in a language like RDF that explains the
connections between concepts and states logical
rules for reasoning about them.

- This computing uses smart algorithms such as

RDF or by using OWL. The algorithm is applied
to recipes and their respective ingredients, which
in turn will produce new recipes based on the
multiple smart combinations of these recipes
DATA
EXTRACTION:
- To evolve various recipes over the
internet We needed some way to collect
all the recipe data. The technique We
imply to gather all the recipe relevant data
is data extraction and the tool I use for this
purpose is Visual Web Ripper.
Recipes Script generates out .rip file. In
the script, We defined the recipe model if
present for the website.
We will use the extracted
database file in SQLite
studio to export a .sql file of
our extracted data. DATA TRANSFORMATION

Once the data has been successfully

extracted, and exported, We convert
After some syntax changes the data into a SQL database file
which are five to be precise, using SQLite Studio.
to this .sql file, We upload it
to our SQL server.
 DATA CONSOLIDATION:
 We consolidated all the data by
using MySQL scripts to move and
Once, extraction is done. We
cleanse all the data from separate
need to consolidate all the
databases to one unified database.
extracted data into one
centralized database in
 We also eliminated any duplicate
structured form.
and redundant or erroneous data
It usually occurs in two phases:
through consolidation.

 By doing so We structured the

whole dataset into one unified and
symmetrical form.
 RECIPE ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

• An Ontology is defined as,

• “a set of concepts and categories in a subject area or domain that shows their properties and the
relations between them.”
• We created and developed a perfect ontology for Chef’s recipes and especially how they are
represented on the Web.
• We used Protégé, Visual Web Data’s Web Vowl, and Paint 3D to develop various ontologies in
different phases.
• The ontology was created using OWL and JSON languages to best describe attributes and
characteristics of a recipe.
• The recipe ontology was primarily based on our Recipe Schema & structure of our Extracted Data.
ONTOLOGY REFINING
The ontology wasn’t perfected in on try, it was
then refined again and again as we uncovered
more data and found clarity in the structure of a
recipe presented on web.
The ontology is made so that every single recipe
structure can be easily mapped so it had many
revisions and forms before finalization.
ONTOLOGY POPULATION
- Once the ontology and its structure were
refined to cover the dataset in most appropriate
form. All the properties and data values.

- And the classes, subclasses and data/object

properties relations were validated and finalized.

- Then we began to populate the instances of all

the classes, sub-classes, and properties of our
Recipe Ontology by values that exist in our
database and dataset using the tool “Protege”
which we used to develop the ontology.
 KNOWLEDGE GRAPH CREATION
IN RDF TRIPLES FROM JSON

Once the database has been populated with A knowledge graph can also be created with
structured data and their relational the help of JSON mappings of relations
mappings. between recipe elements on the basis of our
ontology.
We will then create knowledge graph of
based on our recipe ontology.
A knowledge graph is an RDF triple in the
form of relation, which is, object, property
and value.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Ontology, Ontologies, and the “I” of FAIR by Giancarlo Guizzardi
• This paper considers the significance of the idea of Semantic Interoperability and suggests a
definition of it. Besides, it shows that the direct implication of this view is that Semantic
Interoperability cannot be accomplished without the assistance of
• (i) Ontology, on the one hand, as contracts capturing the conceptualizations expressed in
knowledge objects, and
• (ii) Ontology, on the other hand, as a discipline proposing systematic methods and theories to
explain these conceptualizations and documentations.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
FoodOn: a harmonized food ontology to increase global food traceability, quality control and data
integration
• Well developed, hierarchical terminology, linked to logical relationships, in other words, ontology,
is urgently required to help resolve issues of data harmonization that cover the areas of food
security, protection, efficiency, manufacturing, distribution, and consumer health and convenience.
• FoodOn (http://foodon.org) is a multinational plan to make a systematic and readily accessible
global ontology of food farm-to-fork that accurately and reliably defines foods commonly
described in cultures around the world.
• FoodOn tackles differences in terms of food product terminology and encourages food traceability.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
FOBI: an ontology to represent food intake data and associate it with metabolomic data
• FOBI is the first ontology in a systematic popular language that incorporates nutritional and
metabolomic data. FOBI currently has 1197 words (366 from Food Ontology and 831 from
Biomarker Ontology), 11 top-level chemical groups, 13 top-level food classes, and 4 distinct
properties that are fully described and have a specific relationship.
• FOBI describes the interactions between foods and their metabolites. FOBI allows experts to
coherently annotate and interpret nutritional and metabolomic data, making the findings comparable
between studies in the same field and through them.
• The creation of FOBI will lead to an improvement in nutritional and nutritional-metabolomic data
interoperability, thereby rendering the data sets produced from these studies completely compliant
with FAIR.
 ONE: TWO:
Ontology Development Ontology Refining

PROJECT
CONCLUSION THREE:
Data Cleansing
FOUR:
Data Structuring

FIVE: SIX:
Dataset Finalization Publishing of Results
 REFERENCES

• Guizzardi, G. (2020). Ontology, ontologies and the “I” of FAIR. Data Intelligence, 2(1-2), 181-191.
• Dooley, D. M., Griffiths, E. J., Gosal, G. S., Buttigieg, P. L., Hoehndorf, R., Lange, M. C., ... &
Hsiao, W. W. (2018). FoodOn: a harmonized food ontology to increase global food traceability,
quality control and data integration. npj Science of Food, 2(1), 1-10.
• Castellano-Escuder, P., González-Domínguez, R., Wishart, D. S., Andrés-Lacueva, C., & Sánchez-
Pla, A. (2020). FOBI: An ontology to represent food intake data and associate it with metabolomic
data. Database, 2020.Chicago
• Subramaniyaswamy, V., Manogaran, G., Logesh, R., Vijayakumar, V., Chilamkurti, N., Malathi, D.,
& Senthilselvan, N. (2019). An ontology-driven personalized food recommendation in IoT-based
healthcare system. The Journal of Supercomputing, 75(6), 3184-3216.
Project Timeline
Phase-1
Ontology Initiation Phase-4
Oct- 2O20 April-2021
Extraction February-2021 Summarization & Results

Transformation & Consolidation Ontology Refining May-2021

Phase-2 Phase-3 Knowledge Graph & Project

Dec-2020 March-2021 Closeout