TURBOCHARGERS

¿WHAT IS THE TURBOCHARGER?

• A turbocharger or turbo is a supercharging system that uses a centrifugal

turbine to drive a centrifugal compressor to compress gases through an axis
coaxial with it. This type of systems is usually used in alternative internal
combustion engines, especially in diesel engines.
TYPES OF TURBOCHARGERS

• VGT
• TWIN SCROLL
• PARALLEL BITURBO
• ELECTRIC
• WASTE – GATE
• TWIN TURBO
VGT TWIN SCROLL
PARALLEL BITURBO
ELECTRIC
WASTEGATE TWIN TURBO
OPERATION OF THE TURBOCHARGER

• it has the particularity of taking advantage of the force with which the
exhaust gases exit to drive a turbine placed at the exit of the exhaust
manifold, said turbine is joined by an axis to a compressor that is placed at
the entrance of the intake manifold, with the rotary movement that transmits
to the turbine through the common axis, the compressor raises the pressure of
the air that enters through the filter, the turbo is driven by the exhaust gases
that reach speeds above 10,000 rpm.
COMPONENTS OF A TURBO VALVE WITH
WASTEGATE

• turbine shaft or arrow

• wastegate valve
• bypass damper
• air pressure outlet
• Inlet air
• Gas inlet to the turbocharger
TURBO OPERATING CYCLES

• OPERATION AT IDLE AND LOWER PARTIAL LOAD:Under these conditions the impeller
of the exhaust gas turbine is driven by the low energy of the exhaust gases because the
revolutions of the engine are low, and these phase the fresh air sucked by the cylinders will
not be precompressed by the turbine of the compressor, is simple motor aspiration.
• AVERAGE PRTIAL LOAD OPERATION: in these phase when the pressure in the suction
manifold (between the turbo and the cylinders) approximately a atmospheric one, the turbine
wheel is driven at a higher speed and the fresh air sucked by the impeller. The compressor is
pre-compressed and driven to the cylinders under atmospheric pressure or slightly higher, the
turbo already acting in its engine overfeeding function.
• UPPER PARTIAL LOAD OPERATION AND FULL LOAD: In this phase,
the energy of the exhaust gases continues to increase over the turbine of the
turbo and the maximum value of pressure in the intake manifold is reached,
which must be limited by a control system (valve of download). In this phase
the fresh air sucked by the impeller of the compressor is compressed to the
maximum pressure that should not exceed 0.9 bar in normal turbos and 1.2 in
turbos of variable geometry.
 WASTEGATE VALVE

• its operation is to divert the exhaust gases so that they don`t happen again
through the turbine
• to prevent the turbine from turning too many times and to make the
gases more accurate as the engine revolves .
• When the engine wants power, the bypass is opened and the gases are forced
into another.
CALIBRATION OF THE WASTEGATE VALVE

• 1.- remove the screw from the wastegate valve

• 2.- remove the lock
• Note: if the valve brings lock
• 3.-hold the handle so that it does not come off.
• 4.- calibrate or open the valve at 25 psi.