Topic : Classification of M-type Tubes, Introduction to Magnetron

Unit IV : Microwave Crossed Field Tubes

Date & Time : 26/11/2020 & 10:00 AM – 11:00 AM

Mr. Ravi Kiran B

Assistant Professor
Department of EECE
GITAM Institute of Technology(GIT)
Visakhapatnam-530045
Email: rbalasa@gitam.edu
Classification of M-Type Tubes :

. In M-type tubes, the dc electric field and the dc magnetic field are perpendicular to each other.

. These tubes are called as Crossed field tubes as the fields are perpendicular to each other

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

 Fig : M-Type Tube Classification

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

Several types of M-type are,

. Cylindrical Magnetron – Developed by Boot and Randall

. Coaxial Magnetron – Introduced the principle of integrating a stabilized cavity into the
Magnetron geometry

. Voltage Tunable Magnetron – Has the cathode-anode geometry of the conventional Magnetron,
but its anode can be tuned easily.

. Inverted Magnetron – It has the inverted geometry of the conventional Magnetron with the cathode

placed on the outside surrounding the anode and the microwave circuit

. FWCFA – Forward Wave Crossed Field Amplifier, also known as M-type forward wave amplifier

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

. BWCFA – Backward Wave Crossed Field Amplifier, and its trade name is Amplitron. It is a broadband ,

high power, high gain and high efficiency crossed field amplifier.

It has applications in Airborne Radar systems & Space borne communication systems.

. BWCFO – An injection gun replaced the conventional cylindrical cathode of the magnetron and

its trade name is Carcinotron.

It is also called M-type backward wave oscillator.

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

MAGNETRON OSCILLATORS:

. Magnetron was invented by Hull

. The electrons emitted from the cathode are influenced by the crossed field to move in curved paths.

. If the dc magnetic field is strong enough, the electrons will not arrive in the anode but return instead to

the cathode. Consequently the anode current is cut off.

. Magnetrons can be classified into 3 types:

(i) Split-anode Magnetron – It uses a static negative resistance between 2 anode segments

(ii) Cyclotron frequency Magnetron – It operates under the influence of synchronism between a.c component of

electric field and a periodic oscillation of electrons in a direction parallel to

the field

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

(iii) Traveling wave Magnetron – This type depends on the interaction of electrons with a traveling EM field

of linear velocity. They are simply referred to as Magnetron.

. Negative resistance Magnetrons generally operate at frequencies below the microwave region
. Cyclotron frequency Magnetron operate at frequencies in the microwave range , but the output power and

efficiency is very less

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

CYLINDRICAL MAGNETRON :

. Schematic diagram of Cylindrical Magnetron is shown. It is also called as

Conventional Magnetron

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering

. In a cylindrical Magnetron, several reentrant cavities are connected to the gaps

. DC voltage Vo is applied between the cathode and the anode

. The magnetic flux density Bo is in the positive z-direction

. When the dc voltage and the magnetic flux are adjusted properly, the electrons will follow cycloidal paths

in the cathode anode space under the combined force of both the fields as shown below.

08/18/2021 Department of EECE,GIT EEC403,Microwave Engineering