RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE-III

QU
IC K
REC
AP
 THE COMPANY HAD BEGUN TO RULE.
 THE COUNTRYSIDE YIELDED REVENUE.
 REVENUE SETTLEMENT WAS INITIATED IN
DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRITISH TERRITORIES.
 THE COMPANY STARTED WITH THE PERMANENT
SETTLEMENT IN BENGAL PRESIDENCY.
 THEY INTRODUCE MAHALWARI SYSTEM IN NORTH
WEST PROVINCES OF BENGAL PRESIDENCY.
 THEY INTRODUCED RYOTWARI SETTLEMENT IN
SOUTH INDIA.
COMMERCIALISATION UNDER THE BRITISH
 THE COMPANY MUST COLLECT TAXES SO AS TO NOT ONLY
PAY ITS MILTARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES IN
INDIA BUT ALSO TO EARN PROFIT.
 INDIA SHOULD PRODUCE AT LOW PRICES GOOD SO THAT
THE SURPLUS REVENUES COULD BE REMITTED IN THE
FORM OF THESE GOODS.
 THE BRITISH CONCENTRATED ON EXPORTING INDIAN
MANUFACTURERS LIKE TEXTILES TO THE WEST.
 IN 18TH CENTURY THE COTTON MILLS IN ENGLAND FOUND
IT DIFFICULT TO COMPETE WITH INDIAN PRODUCTS AND
LAUNCHED AGITATION AGAINST THE COMPANY.
 THE COMPANY REALISED THAT IT NEEDS TO PROMOTE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN ENGLAND THAT WOULD
NOT COMPETE WITH THE BRITISH PRODUCT.
 THE CROPS ON WHICH THE COMPANY CONCENTRATED
WERE INDIGO, COTTON, RAW SILK, OPIUM, PEPPER AND
LATER ALSO TEA AND SUGAR.
 WHY INDIGO?
 INDIGO WAS USED AS A DYE IN ITALY, FRANCE
AND ENGLAND.
 ITS PRICE WAS VERY HIGH SO THE EUROPEAN
MARKET DEPENDED ON WOAD TO MAKE VIOLET
AND BLUE DYES.
 IT WAS GROWN IN EUROPE AND SO WAS EASILY
AVAILABLE.
 BUT INDIGO WAS PREFERRED MORE OVER WOAD
BECAUSE OF ITS RICH BLUE COLOUR.
 WOAD PRODUCERS HAD PRESSURISED THEIR
GOVERNMENT TO BAN THE SALE OF INDIGO.
 BY 17TH CENTURY, EUROPEAN CLOTH PRODUCERS
PERSUADED GOVERNMENT TO RELAX THE BAN ON
INDIGO IMPORT.
 THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BEGAN TO CULTIVATE
THE INDIGO IN THEIR COLONIES: FRENCH- ST
DOMINGUE, PORTUGUESE- BRAZIL, ENGLISH-
JAMAICA, SPANISH IN VENENZUALA.
 INDIAN INDIGO
 DEMAND FOR INDIAN INDIGO INCREASED.
 INDUSTRIALISATION IN ENGLAND EXPANDED ITS COTTON
PRODUCTION LEADING TO THE SPURGE IN DEMAND FOR THE
DYE.
 ITS SUPPLIES FROM THE AMERICAN CONTINENT STOPPED.
 BETWEEN 1783 AND 1789 THE PRODUCTION OF INDIGO IN THE
WORLD FELL BY HALF.
 CLOTH DYERS IN BRITAIN DESPERATELY LOOKED FOR NEW
SOURCES.
 THE COMPANY IN INDIA LOOKED FOR WAYS TO EXPAND THE
AREA UNDER INDIGO CULTIVATION.
 THE FRENCH PLANTERS PRODUCED INDIGO AND SUGAR IN THE FRENCH
COLONY OF ST. DOMINGUE.
 THE AFRICAN SLAVES WHO WORKED IN THESE FIELDS ROSE IN REBELLION
IN 1791.
 THEY BURNED THE PLANTATIONS AND KILLED THEIR RICH PLANTERS.
 IN 1792, THE REVOLOTIONARY GOVERNMENT IN FRANCE ABOLISHED
SLAVERY IN THE FRENCH COLONIES.
 THIS LED TO THE COLLAPSE IN INDIGO PLANTATIONS IN CARIBBEAN
ISLANDS.
 PROSPECT IN INDIGO
CULTIVATION
 IN 1788 ONLY ABOUT 30% OF THE INDIGO EXPORTED WAS FROM
INDIA.
 BY 1810, THE PROPORTION HAD GONE UP TO 95 %.
 BECAUSE OF THE GROWING INDIGO TRADE, COMMERCIAL AGENTS
AND COMPANY OFFICIALS BEGAN INVESTING IN INDIGO
PRODUCTION.
 MANY COMPANY OFFICIALS LEFT THEIR JOB TO DO BUSINESS IN
INDIGO.
 MANY SCOTSMEN AND ENGLISHMEN CAME TO INDIA AND BECAME
PLANTERS. THEY GOT LOANS FROM THE COMPANY AND BANKS
THAT WERE COMING UP AT THAT TIME.
 HOME WORK
1. NAME THE REVENUE SETTLEMENTS INTRODUCED IN INDIA BY
THE COMPANY.
2. NAME THE COMMERCIAL CROPS EXPORTED FROM INDIA BY
THE COMPANY.
3. WHICH CROP DID INDIGO REPLACE IN EUROPE?
4. WHY WAS INDIGO PREFERRED, BY THE EUROPEAN
PRODUCERS, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS EXPENSIVE?
5. HOW DID THE FRENCH REVOLUTION STOP INDIGO
PLANTATION IN CARIBBEAN?
6. HOW DID INDIGO PRODUCTION HELP IN THE PROSPECT OF
THE ENGLISH?