HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDIA CHINA DISPUTE

 The history of the Sino Indian Border Dispute can be traced back to the Shimla Conference of
1914 when the British Indian Government and the state of Tibet drew up an agreement which
recognized the MC Mohan Line as the border of the two countries. The Chinese however never
accepted this agreement and this line was also properly not demarcated due to the topographical
nature of the Indian Tibetan Border . Areas like Tawang despite being ceded to British India and
coming in the Indian side of the MC Mohan Line were under the administration of the Tibetan
Administration thus most of the border fell on uninhabited area and thus leaving almost the
entire border undemarcated and unfenced . However this peaceful co-existence was disturbed
after the Communist Party took power in Beijing from the Kuomintang . After coming to power
the Communist Party the PLA annexed Tibet and refused to acknowledge the existing Indo
China Border this also lead to a brief war between the two countries in 1962 wherein which
China defeated India comprehensively and occupied the areas of Aksai Chin in the west near
Ladakh and the areas of NEFA . However in the same year it signed a unilateral ceasefire
agreement and moved back to its position behind the MC Mohan line in the eastern sector and
returned back the areas of NEFA to India . However in the Western Sector the Chinese
continued to occupy the areas of Aksai Chin . Also it continues to claim the areas under
NEFA now called Arunachal Pradesh as a part of Southern Tibet .
Background of The Agenda
 The present agenda focusses on the Indo China Border Dispute in the state of Arunachal Pradesh . As
mentioned previously the MC Mohan Line formed the border between the countries of British India and
Tibet and this line was primarily drawn to demarcate the Eastern Sector of the Border which mainly
included the border between Tibet and NEFA ( North East Frontier Agency ) an unadministered and heavily
forested and mountainous area of the country . While accepting this line as the official boundary between
the two countries the Tibetans ceded large parts of there territory to the British including the area of
Tawang which contained the 2nd largest Buddhist Monastery in the world to the British however this area
continued to be administered by the Tibetans and the British allowed it to be administered by the Tibetans .
In 1950 the Peoples Republic of China annexed Tibet and severely persecuted the citizens of Tibet who
were averse to the irreligiousness of the Communists and this caused the Dalai Lama to flee Chinese
Territory and enter into Indian Territory at Tawang . Thus this exacerbated the tensions between the
countries and lead to a brief war in 1962 .However China has never recognized this border and has claimed
the areas of Arunachal Pradesh to be a part of its territory recently villages of the Indian Side of the MC
Mohan line and this has reignited the dispute here in the eastern sector.