Lecture 6: Data extraction

Do Xuan Truong

truong.doxuan@hust.edu.vn
Data extraction
Heat and mass balance
The first step necessary is to produce a heat and mass balance for the plant.
 The mass balance needs to be based on mass flowrates
For an existing plant, even if the design data is available, it will
often be significantly different to actual performance.
 Process design is an inexact science; settings and flows will usually
be altered during commissioning to obtain stable behaviour and the
desired output.
 Moreover, raw material composition may have altered since initial
start-up, or may vary with time, while heat exchangers become
fouled and their performance drops.
 Hence, a new heat and mass balance should be formed, reflecting
current performance, possibly with a range of scenarios for different
feedstocks or before/after cleaning

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Data extraction
Heat and mass balance
The heat balance is more complicated. The raw data are temperatures, heat
loads and the flowrates from the mass balance.
- Temperature is usually the most accurately measured parameter
on a plant, often to within 1°C.
- Heat loads are more difficult. Specific heat capacities and latent
heats can be obtained from literature, manufacturers’ data or (if
necessary) measurement.
- Cooling loads may be found from the flowrate and temperature
drop of the cooling water, and heater loads from the steam flow
(often inaccurate; condensate flow measurement may be
preferable).
- Heat transfer from furnaces is particularly difficult to measure
precisely, because of the heat losses via the stack

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction

Having obtained a reliable heat and mass balance, the next stage is to
extract the hot and cold streams in the form required for pinch analysis.

The stream data required will be the temperature range (T →T ), stream type
1 2

(hot or cold) and either the heat capacity flowrate CP (kW/K) or the stream
heat load ∆H (kW). These last can be obtained in several ways:
●from stream mass flows and published (or measured) specific heat capacities,
●from mass flows and specific enthalpy data,
●from heat loads measured on heat exchangers,
●by back-calculation from other stream heat loads in the heat balance.

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction

Having obtained a reliable heat and mass balance, the next stage is to
extract the hot and cold streams in the form required for pinch analysis.

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction
Calculating heat loads and heat capacities

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction
Choosing stream
How much should we subdivide streams when they pass through
intermediate process vessels such as storage tanks and pumps?

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction
Mixing & Splitting

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017

Stream data extraction
Mixing & Splitting

Heat integration course _ Hanoi University of science and technology 2017