SACRED

INTRODUCTION TO THE

SCRIPTURES
DIVINE
REVELATION

IS ONLY ONE SOURCE/ONE FONT OF REVELATION: GOD WHO

SPEAKS TO US THROUGH WORD AND DEED.
SACRED
TRADITION

IS THAT ORALLY TRANSMITTED AND HANDED-DOWN

EXPERIENCES OF THE DISCIPLES OF JESUS WE CALL IT
SACRED TRADITION.
SACRED
TRADITION

It is found in the life of the Church; “the Word of God which has been
entrusted to the apostles of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit” (CCC 81).
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

THOSE TRANSMITTED AND HANDED-DOWN EXPERIENCES OF

PROPHETS, PRIESTS, LEADERS AND APOSTLES PRESERVED IN
THAT WRITING WE CALL THE BIBLE OR SACRED SCRIPTURE.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

“it is the speech of God as it is put down in writing under the breath of the Holy
Spirit (CCC 81)
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Bible is the INSPIRED Word of God and relates how God our Creator
expresses his undying love for his creation mankind.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Bible is the INSPIRED Word of God and relates how God our Creator
expresses his undying love for his creation mankind.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Bible is also a collection of books or sacred texts.

It takes its name from the Greek translation “ta Biblia” which means
“the books”.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

It is divided into two sections, the Old Testament and the New
Testament.
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SCRIPTURES

The word “testament” means covenant or an agreement.

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

T R A N S L AT I O N S O F T H E B I B L E
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SCRIPTURES

T R A N S L AT I O N S O F T H E B I B L E
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SCRIPTURES

the Greek Septuagint from Alexandria, Egypt; the newly discovered Dead Sea Scrolls of the
Essenes; the Masoretic Hebrew text of Tiberias, Galilee; the Targum (translation or
interpretation), Old Testament Books translated into Aramaic, as well as the Syriac translation by
Christians in Syria, the Peshitta Bible.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The diversity of language and manuscripts may be traced to

the DIASPORA
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SCRIPTURES

Palestinian Canon and the Alexandrian Canon

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Second Temple in Jerusalem was built and completed in 516 BC

during the period known as the Restoration.
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SCRIPTURES

S E PTU AG INT B I B LE
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The oldest surviving translation of Hebrew Scripture was the Greek

Septuagint
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Septuagint was the version of the Bible used by early Christians
in Rome.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

St. Augustine of Hippo considered the Greek Septuagint the

authoritative translation of the Hebrew Scriptures
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

D e a d S e a S c ro l l s
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SCRIPTURES

DEAD SEA SCROLLS are a collection of 800-900 documents, many

containing ancient Biblical texts.
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SCRIPTURES

written over a period of around 200 years, and were evidently placed in the caves to
hide them from the advancing Roman army at the time of the First Jewish Revolt.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

M a s o r e t i c H e b r e w Te x t
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SCRIPTURES

Masoretic text, (from Hebrew masoreth, “tradition”), traditional

Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Peshitta Bible
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Peshitta Bible is the Syriac version translated by Christians in

Syria
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Ta rgu m
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Another version is the Arameic translation of the Bible called

Targum.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Targum is read in a place called synagogue.

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Latin Vulgate

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Another bible translation was made by St Jerome at around 5th

Century AD.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

St. Jerome Pope Damasus

Commissioned by Pope Damasus in 382, he translated both Old and New Testaments into
Latin; he completed the translation of the New Testament into Latin in 384, and the Old Testament by
405.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

St. Jerome translated from both Greek and Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament and noted the difference
between the larger canon of the Greek Septuagint and the shorter Hebrew canon, and called those books comprising the

difference the "hidden or secret books," or the  Apocrypha.

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The books of the Apocrypha were written during post-exilic Second-Temple Judaism, after
the time of Ezra and the Restoration but before the time of Jesus and the Roman destruction of the
Temple in 70 AD.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

St. Augustine and the Council of Hippo in 393 AD preserved seven books of the
Apocrypha, known as the deuterocanonical books
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

JUDITH…TOBIT…1MAC…2MAC…BARUCH…WISDOM…SIRACH
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SCRIPTURES

St. Jerome included these as well for a total of 46 Books in his Latin Old Testament.
The Latin Vulgate Bible served as the standard Bible for Western civilization for over 1000
years.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Martin Luther in his 1534 translation differed from St. Augustine and considered the
Apocryphal books "good for reading" but not part of inspired Scripture.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

He rejected the books in the Septuagint not found also in the Hebrew canon as Scripture, resulting in a different
Old Testament for Roman Catholic and Protestant Christians, although Luther did publish these additional works in
his German Bible as Apocrypha (non-scriptural books).
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Originally the Hebrew Bible has 24 Books in the Old Testament, how did it

happen that they have 39 books? It is by the process of translation.

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

On the other hand, the Roman Catholic’s bible adapted the Septuagint Bible that has 46
books. While for Protestants, they have 39 books in the Old Testament because the remaining 7
books they considered it as Apocryphal.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Archbishop Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, is credited

for dividing the books of the Bible into chapters.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Robert Estienne is given credit for the separation of the text into individual
verses and the ascribing of numbers to these verses.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

CONTENTS OF THE OLD

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

A large segment of the Old Testament consists of narrative.

BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

It contains a large corpus of legal material governing Israel’s religious practice as well as the
more mundane aspects of Israelite life, which are also seen as an important aspect of a loving
response to God.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

TaNaK stands for Torah or the Pentateuch which means Law, Nevi’im which means
Prophets and the Ketuvim which means writings.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

TaNaK stands for Torah or the Pentateuch which means Law, Nevi’im which means
Prophets and the Ketuvim which means writings.
BIBLE/SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Torah contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,

and Deuteronomy.
TORAH
TORAH

The Torah contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,

and Deuteronomy.
TORAH

Tradition held that Moses is the author of the Torah.

TORAH

Tradition held that Moses is the author of the Torah.

TORAH

the Torah presents a coherent story

NEVI’IM
the Torah presents a coherent story
NEVI’IM

Nevi‘im or the prophets were people sent by God to challenge the Israelites to remain
faithful to the covenant and to remind the Israelites of the people of the consequences of not
following the covenant.
NEVI’IM

Nevi‘im or the prophets were people sent by God to challenge the Israelites to remain
faithful to the covenant and to remind the Israelites of the people of the consequences of not
following the covenant.
NEVI’IM

The Former Prophets relate Joshua's leadership after Moses' death and the
ensuing period up to the Exile of the Judaeans in Babylon.
NEVI’IM

The Former Prophets consists of Joshua, Judges, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2

Kings.
NEVI’IM

The Latter Prophets contain work attributed to the "literary prophets" (those
who left works in their own names) who lived in the 8th - 5th centuries BC.
NEVI’IM

The books of 'latter prophets' preserve sayings and stories of religious and political activists ('prophets')
who served as the spiritual conscience of the nation throughout its history, reminding people of the social values that
would reflect the character of God.
NEVI’IM

Some books are substantial (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel), others are much shorter (Hosea,
Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah,
Malachi).
 KETUVIM
Some books are substantial (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel), others are much shorter (Hosea,
Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah,
Malachi).
KETUVIM

These include Psalms, Proverbs, Job, plus the 'five scrolls' ('Megiloth') which were grouped together because each had
associations with a particular religious festival: Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, and Esther. This section
also includes the last books of the Hebrew Bible to be written: Ezra, Nehemiah, and 1-2 Chronicles (all history books), and
However, the Nevi'im and Ketuvim are divided into Historical
Books, Prophetical Books, and Poetical Books.
 The Christian Historical Books contain the "Former Prophets" of the Hebrew Nevi'im:
Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings, as well as the books of Ruth, Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah, and
Chronicles from the Ketuvim.
 The Christian Prophetical Books contain only "the latter Prophets": Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the 12 "minor" prophets,
each given a book of their own: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah,
and Malachi. Add Lamentations and the Book of Daniel to this (taken from the Kethuvim) and you have Seventeen Titles in the
Protestant Prophetical Books.
The Christian Poetical Books contain Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and
the Song of Solomon, all from the Hebrew Ketuvim.
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL
INTERPRETATION
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

Exegesis is the discipline of biblical interpretation conducted via a critical

analysis of biblical texts using a framework.
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

The “three worlds of the text” provide a framework for biblical interpretation which
analyzes the “worlds” of a text: the world – behind – the – text, the world – of – the – text, and
the world – infront – of – the – text.
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

“We use the worlds of the text as an approach to scripture because scripture is more than the words on the page, and so in
order to interpret the words on the page we need to known something about where it has come from, what the words might
mean, how its been used today, and how its been interpreted in today’s world”
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

The World Behind the Text- It allows the exegete to access the social systems, conventions and
cultures of the author’s own day because of the need to understand his world in order to
access his audience.
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

The World of the Text- It invites the reader to analyze the texts themselves. This is a careful and
slow process which involves a very close reading of the text or a selected portion of it.
THREE WORLDS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

The World infront of the text- transitions the focus from the author’s world to the contemporary world. One might want to
determine how a biblical text is being applied in a specific setting. How are Christians within these settings applying these texts to
their lives? How do the texts shape these societies or groups of people?
http://www.lakeregionbiblechurch.org/uploads/2/4/8/1/24818484/introduction_to_salvation_history_-_by_marcus
_johnson_-_2018.pdf

SOURCE PPT 1. INTRO TO SALVATION