Chairman, International Association of Physical Education and Sports Incorporated

Director, National Academy for Professional Skills Development, Inc.

Chief Consultant Editor, International Journal for Exercise and Sports Sciences
Consultant, International Edited Ebook in Physical Education, Health, Sports Science and
Traditional Yoga
Consultant, Association of International Schools - Thailand
Associate Editor, International Journal of Physical Education, Health & Sports Science
Associate Editor, Bharathiar National Journa of Physical Education and Exercise

Currently: Doctor of Science in Exercise and Sports Science - Chulalongkorn University

Faculty of Sports Science (Thailand)

Honorary Degree: Doctor oof Humanities (Honouris Causa) - University of Dundee (Scotand)

Graduate: Doctor of Education specialized in Educational Administration and Supervision

-Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Education (Thailand), Master in Distance Education -
University of the Philippines Open University Faculty of Educational Studies (Philippines),
Master in Physical Education and Sports - Ramkhamhaeng University Faculty of Physical and
Health Education (Thailand), Bachelor of Secondary Education major Music, Arts, Physical
Education and Health - Southern Luzon State University College of Teacher Education
(Philippines)

DR. JEWELSON M. SANTOS

ONLINE CLASS RULES AND GUIDELINES

1.The students required to attend an online class or live session for

the respective schedule. Please wear a proper attire.
2.The students are responsible for logging (log) in on time. As BSIT
students, make sure that you enroll in a particular block and course.
3.The course module, comprising the activity/assignment and
assessment, is available in the Neo LMS. You are responsible for
downloading the course module.
4.All assignments and requirements should be submitted ON TIME
by the students. Late submissions may be accepted depending on
the professor or teacher, but they will be deducted points.
5.The students must complete all activities and requirements
INDIVIDUALLY and with academic integrity.
ONLINE CLASS RULES AND GUIDELINES

6.Always turn off your microphone during online class discussions

(mute). Once your teacher has instructed you to do so, you can
unmute it.
7.Respect your classmates' viewpoints. If you must disagree, do so
in a civil manner.
8.Be courteous to everyone in the class, including your teachers/
professors.
9.Do not type in all UPPERCASE LETTERS! If you ask your
professor/instructor a question or express a concern, make sure
you do so in a polite and respectful manner. Also, keep in mind the
TIME you will be sending chat messages to your professors.
ONLINE CLASS RULES AND GUIDELINES

10.Our department/course will not accept e-cheating or any other

sort of intellectual dishonesty. DO NOT COPY AND PASTE your
classmates' work, anything from the internet, or even content from
the modules to pass off as your own. Please be certain that any
references or resources you utilize are correctly cited. The
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 makes plagiarism illegal.
11.If your work is found to be plagiarized or taken from a classmate,
you will receive a score of 50 for that activity.
MJPE 302: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION,
HEALTH AND SPORTS

This course will deal with the different

contemporary issues in Physical Education,
Health, and Sports education. It will give
students a broad understanding on how it will
be resolved through action research or another
form of issue resolution.
LESSON COVERAGE

Prelim - 4 Lessons
Midterm - 4 Lessons
Finals - 2 Lessons
Assessment Method
Criteria for Evaluating Student Performance/Assessing the Students

General Professional
Education Education Major Courses
Courses Courses

Written Works 30% 30% 20%

Performance Task 40% 40% 60%

Major Exam 30% 30% 20%

TOTAL RATING 100% 100% 100%

Grading System
Number Letter Number Letter
Percent Percent
Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent

98-100 1.00 A+ 83-85 2.25 B-

95-97 1.25 A 80-82 2.50 C+

92-94 1.50 A- 78-79 2.75 C

89-91 1.75 B+ 75-77 3.00 C-

86-88 2.00 B Below 75 5.00 D

Introduction to Trends
Issues and Challenges
in School Physical
Education, Health and
Sport
 Current Trends, Issues and Challenges in School PE and Sports:

The “reality check” reveals several areas of continuing concern regarding current trends in PE
and sports. These area embrace: physical education not being delivered or delivered without
quality, insufficient time allocation, lack of competent qualified and/or inadequately trained
teachers, inadequate provision of facilities and equipment and teaching materials, large class
sizes. It is noted that the amount of time dedicated to physical education has been diminished
in the school curriculum throughout the world. The responsibility rests directly on the
shoulders of physical educators to ensure that the importance of their subject matter is
understood and embraced as a part of their schools’ overall curriculum. Today, more than
ever, the physical education curriculum needs to be linked to the overall well-being of children
and youth as they matriculate through the curriculum. As has been noted, lessons learned at
an early age carry into adult life. Furthermore, the importance of physical activity as a way of
creating greater attentiveness in the classroom has not been recognized.
 Developing 21st Century Skills and Competencies in PE and Sports:

“The aim of Physical Education is to develop physical competence so that all children are able to move efficiently,
effectively and safely and understand what they are doing. Schools often work with community agencies in all
sectors of society— private and commercial, non-governmental and government organizations— to plan and
develop programs on a cooperative basis. An important component in developing the joint use of resources is the
establishment of a program of communication and interaction. As the joint use of resources implies a sharing of
human fiscal and physical resources, it requires that the leaders of cooperating organizations develop close
relationships and partnerships among people, agencies, and institutions. A key factor in building cooperative
relationships is the importance of leadership that is willing to overcome issues related to territoriality, inertia, legal
mandates, tradition, fear of the loss of power, feelings of ownership, the misunderstanding of programs, and others.
Such cooperative activities improve the accessibility to programs and services, as well as areas and facilities. In
this way, the talented students will be sponsored through different agencies to take part in different competitions. In
India specially where there is so much talent but due to lack of financial funds, many students lacks behind even
being so talented. The co-operation from different agencies will help needy students to showcase their talent at
different world level competitions. Thus, adequate training through well-defined curriculum as well as funding from
different agencies is necessary to promote the PE and sports activities.
 Role of Technology:

Children born in the early part of this millennium are known as the “iGeneration” (Rosen, 2010, 2011). This
group of individuals has access to forms of technology unheard of just two decades ago. They have never
known life without wireless high-speed internet connections, cellular phones with data connections, texting or
video gaming consoles. Most of them are very familiar with technology interfaces, using apps and social
media on a regular basis. The implications of such dramatic changes in access to technology among children
and youth should be self-evident in all learning areas. Applications in health and physical education
pedagogy are available and can be applied to enrich and enhance curricular offerings in most school
settings. Numerous technological applications focused on promoting physical activity and fitness are
available and easily accessible. Students will be required to demonstrate competency in basic motor skills
and also competence in using technology. Teachers will also be required to gain knowledge of contemporary,
technology-based instructional strategies. Technology holds promise for the way that students learn and also
for the way in which teachers teach. Physical and health educators are challenged to become more
responsive to a technology-driven environment that provides enhanced opportunities for learners well beyond
the walls of the traditional classroom setting. Technology thus can play vital role in generating the interest in
physical education and sports activities.
 Contemporary Issues associated with Physical Education, Health and Sport

1.Declining levels of physical activity across the lifespan

As we age our participation in sport and physical activity generally decreases. Our physical
activity levels peak during adolescence, while activity levels tend to be at their lowest beyond
the age of 65 years. Generally, the greater variety of physical activity you participate in when
you are young, the more likely you are to be sufficiently active as you age. In addition, if your
parents and siblings are very active or inactive, you are most likely to follow in their footsteps
and adopt a similar lifestyle, for as we know we are all a product of our environment. As
people get older, their interests, needs and physical ability can change, so the more ways in
which one can be active, the greater the ability to overcome these barriers. It is vital that
people of all ages maintain an adequate level of physical activity and sport as the health
benefits of participating on a regular basis never subside.
 Contemporary Issues associated with Physical Education, Health and Sport

2. Active Transport
Active transport is physical activity undertaken while traveling in a “self-powered” manner from
destination to destination. Active transport involves an individual choosing a healthier
alternative instead of the more sedentary mode of transport.

Some examples of active transport include:

Walking to the shops
Running to work or school
Rollerblading to a friend’s house
Riding to the train and then riding from the train to work

Issues that may negatively influence this type of physical activity include:
Cost e.g. bike, helmet etc
Safety e.g. a lack of safe roads/track and personal safety concerns
A lack of social support
Age
Fitness Levels
 Contemporary Issues associated with Physical Education, Health and Sport

3.Gender Equity

For as long as humans have graced the earth, there has always been an inequality between
males and females when it comes to sport. According to historical records the first ancient
Olympic Games, which can be traced back to 776 BC, were dedicated to the Olympian gods
and were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia. These games involved men competing
while naked and women being excluded from spectating and competing. Unfortunately, it took
until the 1900 Paris Olympic Games for women to be given the right to compete at the
Olympics. While we have seen some positive steps made towards developing greater gender
equity in sport, many outdated rules and regulations still exist and discriminate against
women.
Other issues that create an inequality between males and females in physical activity and
sport include:

Perceptions that women are inferior to males

Less funding and support provided to female athletes
Less prize money
Golf clubs that have, in the past, only accepted male members
Perceptions that women cannot, and should not, play contact sports or undertake ultra-
endurance events
 Strategies that have been implemented to create gender equity include:

Women only gyms – to break down barriers relating to self-confidence/self-esteem

Women’s and Men’s leagues in sports traditionally associated with the opposite gender e.g.
The Australian Football League is establishing an AFL Women’s League and Men’s Netball
competitions and mixed competitions currently exist.
The Australian Open Tennis Tournament became the second only event to offer equal prize
money to men and women.
Equal funding and pay for female and male sports and athletes.
 Contemporary Issues associated with Physical Education, Health and Sport

4.Cultural diversity

The population is a very multicultural one with, according to the Australian Bureau of
Statistics, one in four Australians now being born overseas and a further one in five have had
at least one overseas-born parent (Migration, Australia 2013-14), Australian Bureau of
Statistics (Catalogue No. 3412.0, 2015, Canberra). For sports to flourish and grow sports
administrators and all levels of the Australian Government need to continue to ensure that all
sports and physical activities are inclusive for all. .
 Some of the barriers which may prevent people from backgrounds from having equal access
to or participating in sport and physical activity include:

Language barriers to approach and become involved in the sport.

Lack of knowledge or understanding of the sport and/or club structures.
Cultural and religious differences and expectations.
Timetabling of activities and competitions.
Negative attitudes towards new members from different cultural backgrounds.
Little cultural diversity in players, elite representatives, coaches. Lack of diverse role models.

Transport issues (lack of accessible and safe transport to venues).

Limited opportunities to learn more about the sport and its rules.
Prohibitive costs of registration fees, uniforms and equipment.
Inflexibility of uniform requirements.
An emphasis on winning and competition has increasingly been found to be in conflict with
attitudes towards inclusiveness and community engagement.
 Strategies that can be used to increase the access to physical activity and sport that people from different
cultural backgrounds include:
Engage communities early - When planning to include people from different cultural backgrounds make
sure it involves people from diverse backgrounds early in the process.
Build trust - Try to understand the situations that people from diverse backgrounds are in, particularly if it is
early in the settlement process and engage accordingly. Be clear about expectations and roles.
Recognise diversity within communities - Differences exist between different communities, and also within
groups. Take time to understand communities and offer a range of targeted programs and activities.
Identify who the community leaders are and build trusting relationships.
Address language issues - Consider the need to have written, electronic and verbal information translated
or made available in plain English. Understand that English may not be a first language for many people so
think about the best means of communication.
Build partnerships with multicultural organisations and build engagement into existing programs and
activities.
Learn about barriers to inclusion - Find out more on the barriers to inclusion for people from diverse
backgrounds, for example, playing on religious occasions, alcohol, uniforms, dress
Demonstrate respect
 Contemporary Issues associated with Physical Education, Health and Sport

5.Risk Management and Safety

No matter what risk management and safety rules and guidelines are in place prior to
competition, minor and major injuries will still occur. From a legal point of view, sports
governing bodies need to be proactive, rather than reactive and foresee what injuries may
occur, the possible causes of those injuries and what will be the best strategies to put in place
to prevent or reduce risk and impact of the injury.
Some issues that need to be considered in relation to risk management and safety include:

Appropriate instruction and training needs to be provided to coaches and participants

Equipment, particularly safety equipment, needs to be accessible to all participants and in
good working order
A Duty of Care needs exercised by all officials at all times
Risk management plans need to be in place
Ground and court conditions need to be inspected prior to use.