GUARDING SYSTEM

PRINCIPLES OF GUARDING
Guarding is an activity where one watches over or
shields another person or property from danger, harm,
loss or damage.
Guarding is a science because it is a body of
knowledge which is composed of time-tested
principles and theories and the application of such.
 GUARDING SYSTEM
The PRINCIPLES OF GUARDING are as follows:
1. A guard is effective only within the space which his five senses can
cover.
2. The effectiveness of a team of guards is only as good as the most
ineffective member.
3. The capability of a guard is limited by his human attributes.
4. Any normal person can function as a guard.
5. No two guards are alike.
6. No two guard beats are alike.
7. Guarding alone cannot provide security since it is just one element of
physical security. Physical security is one of the four aspects of security.
8. The effect of good guarding complements the other security elements in
the facility.
THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A GUARD
The basic functions of a guard provide for the
activities by which the General Orders are
applied.

The person who performs guarding is a Guard

 
The guard has the following basic functions and
activities while on duty:
a.Patrol the facility
b.Record activities and observations
c.Report unusual incidents or conditions
d.Control and record visitors
e.Control access to restricted areas
f. Control and redundant recording of materials
movement-outgoing and incoming
g.Control vehicular and pedestrian traffic and oversight of
parking spaces
 Continuation. . .

h. Control and record key handling, use and safekeeping

i. Control wastage of materials, utilities and consumable
resources
j. Control hazardous materials and conditions
k. Public relations and assistance
l. Escort valuables being transported
m. Man the facility’s communications network
n. React systematically to all emergency situations
o. Help in maintaining peace and order
p. Proper turnover at the end of his tour of duty
3. PATROLLING
 
Patrolling/Roving is an activity of a guard where
he continuously observes the surroundings of the
facility for any unusual situation or condition that can
be inimical to its security and safety.
 The area to be patrolled is basically called the Area of
responsibility (AOR).
 
Tools for Roving Watches
 
The Roving Watch must ensure that he has appropriate and
complete organizational equipment, which are ready for use.
The following are the basic equipment for patrol:
 
 Basic uniform
 Writing pen
 Notebook/Checklist
 Flashlight
 Service firearm (as required)
 Portable radio (tested with control)
How to conduct a Thorough Patrol
 
 All unusually open, closed, or tampered gate doors and
windows
 All excess or lack of lighting
 All faucets and water closets for leaks
 All electrical hazards (overloads, short circuits, loose
connections)
 All unattended heating elements, motors, appliances or
equipment
 Any misplaced objects alien to their surroundings
 All trashcans and flower boxes
 Cont….

 All unattended personal valuables

 All visitors or personnel who are out of place
 All emergency equipment and stations-check for
completeness and readiness for use
 All scattered trash
 All signs of weakness of building structures and leaks and
flooding
 All signs of intrusion of man or animal
 All unusual sight, light, odor, temperature or sound
Any unusual change of sight, sound, odor, temperature in the
premises or surroundings
 OBSERVATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
 How to Observe and Describe Persons

a. Look for any outstanding or distinguishing mark, feature or mannerism.

b. See if the person looks like a well-known person.
c. Observe the general characteristics:

* Gender * Age
* Height * Built
* Complexion * Face
 
d. Observe his specific physical characteristics from head to toe, like hair,
forehead, eyebrow, cheek, chin, jaw, eyes, face, neck, shoulders, arms, hands,
legs, feet, etc
e. Observe variable features, such as clothing and accessories.
How to Observe and Describe Objects
 
a. Observe and describe its common name. 
b. Observe and describe its common use. 
c. Estimate its dimensions for regular shapes, i.e. height, length, width,
depth, thickness. 
d. Observe and describe relative size and shape for irregularly shaped
objects. 
e. Observe and describe composition, i.e. metal, wood, concrete, plastic,
paper, etc. 
f. Observe and describe dominant color.
 How to Observe and Describe Events
 
a. Observe the effect of the event that makes it unusual. 
b. Observe the place or location of the event. Look for fixed
landmarks. 
c. Observe the specific time of the event. 
d. Observe all persons involved, i.e. principals, victims, assailants,
witnesses. 
e. Observe and describe the sequence of events. 
f. Observe the factors or reasons that caused the event to happen.
 RECORDING
 
How to Record Observations and Activities
 
Recording is the process of preserving information obtained by the
guard while on duty and while performing his specific functions.
 
The two basic types of security records are reports and logbooks.
 
Reports are used to transmit unusual observations.
 
 RECORDING
 
Examples of these are the unusual incident report and the investigation
report.
 
Reports are also used to summarize routine operational activities within
a specific period of time. Examples are the Daily Operations Report and
the Weekly Operations Summary Report.
 
 RECORDING
Logbooks are used for recording the performance of routine functions.
 
Logbooks are classified according to their application namely,
Operations Journal and Technical Logbooks.
 
Operations Journal is used to record all the guard activities and
observations during his tour of duty. It is used to record the general
compliance of the guard to the performance of all the other functions.
 
All guards shall maintain a security operations journal while on duty.
 REPORTING
 
Reporting is an account of what has been observed by the guard while he is on duty.
 
Reporting is done orally for timely dissemination and in writing to preserve the accuracy of the
circumstances.
 
A written report is part of recording.
6.1 Qualities of a Good Report
A - Accurate – report the elements as observed
C – Complete – identify all the elements of an incident
` C – Concise – minimize adjective use
O – Organized – systematic and logical
U – Understandable – the reader pictures what the author wants to portray (oneness of
thought)
N – Neat – clean, presentable, in proper format
T - Timely - must be submitted as soon as possible
 
6.2 Elements of a Complete Report
 
WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW
 VISITOR CONTROL
 
How to Control Visitors and Accomplish the Visitors Logbook
 
Visitor Control is the process of screening out undesirable or illegitimate persons from
entering the facility premises.
 
Access Control is the process of preventing the intrusion of critical spaces and areas
within the facility by unauthorized persons.
 
7.1 Principles of Visitor Control 
7.1.1 Uncontrolled entry of individuals in a facility will provide opportunity for
undesirable persons to enter and cause loss or damage to resources. Only
persons with legitimate purpose shall be allowed inside a facility.
7.1.2 Non-organic persons who have been allowed entry to the facility are
limited to have access only in areas they have permission to go to.
Purposes of Visitor Control
 
7.2.1 To prevent illegitimate and undesirable persons from entering the
premises; 
7.2.2 To account for all visitors at all times;
7.2.3 To pinpoint responsibility for the visitors presence in the premises;
7.2.4 To have a means to trace a visitor who may be involved in an
unusual incident as the victim, culprit, witness or responder.
7.2.5 To have a means to trace a visitor who may have left something in
the premises.
 
THANK YOU!