Cestodes

6 adult cestodes live in the small intestines of man:

Intestinal cestodes
1-Diphyllobothrium latum
Fish tape worm
3-10 metres
Plerocercoid larva
2- Taenia saginata
Beef tape worm 3- Taenia solium
4-10 metres Pork tape worm
2-4 metres

Cysticercus Cysticercus
bovis cellulosae
 Cestodes
4- Hymenolepis nana Mature segment
‫قزم‬ Dwarf tape worm
5- Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tape worm 2 gate dog
6- Dipylidium caninum
1-3 cm long Dog tape worm
20-60 cm long 80 cm long

±
Fleas‫غيث‬9‫ا‬9‫لبر‬99‫ا‬
Infection with H.diminuta & D.caninum are
considered true ZOONOTIC DISEASES
 How is man infected with Hymenolepis nana ?
Definitive host: In H.nana, there are:
infected human Two Infective Stages:
Mode of infection: I
1-Ingestion of H.nana egg Egg of H.nana
- In contaminated food
or drink
- Hand to mouth II
(autoinfection) Cysticercoid nana
2-Ingestion of in Rat flea
infected rat flea
Cysticercoid Rat
nana
in
submucosa Diagnostic stage
Adult in small & infective stage
intestine (habitat) H.nana egg in stool
 How is man infected with Hymenolepis diminuta ?
Definitive host:
infected human
Mode of infection:
Ingestion of infected
rat flea In H.diminuta, there is:
In One Infective Stage:
contaminated Cysticercoid diminuta
food or drink in Rat flea

Cysticercoid
diminuta
Adult in small Diagnostic stage
intestine (habitat) H.diminuta egg in stool
 How is man infected with Dipylidium caninum ?
Definitive host:
infected human
Mode of infection:
Ingestion of infected
dog flea In D.caninum, there is:
In contaminated One Infective Stage:
food or drink Cysticercoid caninum
in Dog flea

Cysticercoid
caninum
Adult in small Diagnostic stage
intestine (habitat) Egg capsules in stool
How can fleas transmit infection to man?

Infected
Adult
flea ♀flea
Cysticercoid caninum
Cysticercoid diminuta
Flea pupa Cysticercoid nana
Flea larva
Flea egg

Infected stool on the ground

D.caninum H.diminuta H.nana
egg capsule egg egg
 Infective Stage
H.nana H.diminuta D.caninum

1- egg Cysticercoid Cysticercoid

In stool diminuta caninum
In rat flea In dog flea
2- Cysticercoid
nana
In rat flea

Scolex
Scolex with
with NO Scolex with
hooks Tail-like hooks Tail-like rows of hooks
appendage appendage NO appendage
 Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
H.nana H.diminuta D.caninum
Commonest tape worm
affecting Egyptian children
Light infection:
asymptomatic
asymptomatic
Heavy infection:
- Intestinal disturbances Intestinal disturbances
Abdominal pain, loss of appetite,
diarrhoea & vomiting
- Nervous manifestations
Due to absorption of toxic
byproducts of the worm
Child suffers from dizziness,
insomnia & convulsions
 Diagnosis: stool analysis to detect
H. nana egg H. diminuta egg D. caninum
egg capsule
2 Polar 2 Polar
prominences prominences
with 4 with No
filaments filaments
S 30-50µ 30-50µ 5-15 eggs enclosed in
Spherical Spherical part of uterine wall
S 2 coverings
Inner with polar
2 coverings
Inner with polar
Gravid segment
prominences prominences
C Translucent Yellowish
hexa-canth- hexa-canth-
C oncho-sphere oncho-sphere
 Treatment
H.nana H.diminuta D.caninum
+
Treatment is repeated
after 10 days to guard
Praziquantel
against autoinfection
Treat all members of the
family at the same time

Prevention and Control

Elimination of arthropods Personal Hygiene
Rodent Control Environmental Sanitation
 ‫سوء الصرف الصحى سوء النظافة‬
Areas of bad hygiene & bad sanitation
Areas of bad hygiene & bad sanitation
Areas of bad hygiene & bad sanitation