SHEEP AND

GOAT
GROUP 1
ABIS, PAULO
AVENDAÑO, MABIJAH
AZORES, EMMANUEL
BAUZON, STEPHANIE
BELLO, ANGELOU
 SHEEP (OVIS ARIES)
Species of domesticated ruminant (cud-
chewing) mammal, raised for its meat,
milk, and wool. species of domesticated
ruminant (cud-chewing) mammal, raised
for its meat, milk, and wool. Sheep
usually have short tails. Male sheep are
called rams, the females ewes, and
immature animals lambs.
GOAT (CAPRA AEGAGRUS HIRGUS)
Goat is lighter of build, has horns that
arch backward, a short tail, and
s t r a i g h t e r h a i r. M a l e g o a t s , c a l l e d b u c k s
or billys, usually have a beard. Females
are called does or nannys, and
immature goats are called kids.
 SHEEP AND
GOAT DISEASE
AND INFECTION
1 . C A P R I N E AT H R I T I S / E N C E R P H A L I T I S

It is caused by a lentivirus, a type of retrovirus, which is a family of pathogens responsible for many
immunodeficiency diseases in many species, and most breeds of goats are susceptible.
Symptoms:
The vast majority of animals infected with CAE will show no signs of disease. When clinical signs are
present it depends on the system affected. Affected goats gradually lose weight and develop a poor hair
coat and enlarged joints.
Kids
depressed, weak, or paralytic. Seizuring and abnormal vocalization may also occur.
Over 6 months of age
Arthritis, mastitis, and pneumonia may occur. Some animals with CAE infection may have chronic weight
loss with no other signs.
Treatment:
There is no treatment; affected animals are a source of infection to others. It is recommended to cull
infected and positive animals in order to eradi cate the disease on the farm, otherwise rigorous management
is required.
Statistics:
CAEV infection is widespread (seroprevalence rate > 65%) among dairy goats in most high-income
economies such as Canada, Norway, France, and the US,
CAPRINE ATHRITIS/ENCERPHALITIS
2. CONTAGIOUS AGALACTIA
a mycoplasmal disease of sheep and goats that can cause serious economic losses from mastitis, arthritis
and keratoconjunctivitis. Contagious agalactia primarily affects sheep and goats. The organisms that cause
contagious agalactia are shed in nasal and ocular discharges and milk.

Signs:

there may be a fever and nonspecific signs of illness; The udder is hot and swollen, and the milk is usually
discolored, often with a yellowish tinge. It may also be watery, granular or clotted.

Treatment:

Antibiotics can result in clinical improvement, but they may not be effective in some chronic cases.

Control:

Disease reporting

Statistics:

The initial exposure of a flock or herd to these organisms often results in an outbreak, with clini cal signs
commonly affecting 30-60% of the animals
CONTAGIOUS AGALACTIA
3. CONTAGIOUS CAPRIN PLEROPNEUMONIA (DISEASE)
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) the cause agent of this is Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies
capripneumoniae (Mccp).

Type of disease: Bacteria Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp).

Effect to host:
severe respiratory distress associated with sero-mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia,
pleurodynia, and general malaise.

CCPP is spread through the inhalation of airborne droplets from coughing/sneezing animals. Direct goat-to-
goat contact is necessary for the disease to spread.

Control:
Vaccination
Quarantine
Cleaning and disinfecting of premises
Slaughter of infected animals

Treatment:
CCPP can be treated with antibiotics ( Penicillin G Procaine, Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate.)

Statistics:
Mortality - 80 to 100%
CONTAGIOUS CAPRIN PLEROPNEUMONIA
(DISEASE)
4. INFECTION WITH CHLAMYDOPHILA ABORTUS (ENZOOTIC
ABORTION OF EWES, OVINE CHLAMYDIOSIS)
A gram-negative intracellular bacterium and zoonotic agent, has been recognized since 1950 as the species
responsible for enzootic abortion.

Effect to host
Abortion
Premature births
Stillbirths ( live for not more than 48 hours )
Weak and malnourished

The disease is transmitted by direct contact with infectious secretions such as placental, fetal, and uterine
fluids; or by indirect contact with contaminated feed and water.

Control
Vaccination

Treatment
Animals may respond to treatment with oxytetracycline.

Statistics:
Estimated average seroprevalence in sheep and goat flocks at 9.6% (within the range from 1.8 to 22.9) and
9.3% (from 1.8 to 19.5), respectively, which suggests the spread of C. abortus infection in these animal
species in Eastern Saudi Arab
INFECTION WITH CHLAMYDOPHILA ABORTUS
(ENZOOTIC ABORTION OF EWES, OVINE
CHLAMYDIOSIS)
5. INFECTION WITH PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS
It is highly contagious animals disease affecting domestic and small ruminants
• It is also known as sheep and goat plague
• it is kills 70% of infected animals
• it does not infect humans
Treatment
Causes No specific treatment
Caused by virus belonging to: But supportive therapy is given
Genus: Morbillivirus • Broad spectrum antibiotics
Family: Paramyxoviridae • Intestinal sedatives & fluid therapy
• Restoration of body fluids
Clinical sign
- Fever Prevention & Control
- depression PPR spreads by direct contact of
- discharge from eyes & nose infected animal so: Infected animals should
- sore in the mouth kept separate from herd.
- disturbed breathing & cough • By treatment of clinical sign
- foul smelling diarrhoea and death • By Controlling body normals
• By regular vaccination
• By awareness of farmers
INFECTION WITH PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS
VIRUS
6. MAEDI-VISNA
Is a chronic viral disease of sheep with worldwide prevalence. It is caused by a small ruminants
lentivirus.

Clinical sign
MV is an infectious, incurable and very slow developing condition which causes wasting and
failing.
- paralysis
- wasting
- anthritis
- chronic mastitis

Treatment & Control

There is no cure or treatment for the disease, however, there is a reliable bloodtest that can
identify infected animals.
By artificial rearing of ovine colostrum deprived lambs is an effective and practicable method
for. The control of maedi visna in sheep. The method appears particularly useful when valuable
genetic material has to be salvaged.
MAEDI-VISNA
7. NAIROBI SHEEP DISEASE
A tickborne viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis,
abortion, and high mortality. It is possibly the most pathogenic virus of small ruminants.

Symptoms:
depression, anorexia, mucopurulent to hemorrhagic nasal discharge, occasional conjunctivitis, and
fetid dysentery that causes painful straining.

Treatment:
There is no specific treatment, and case fatality rates are high. Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) is a
tickborne viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis,
abortion, and high mortality.

Statistic:
mortality rates over 90% in some populations. It was first identified as the causative agent of the
disease in 1917 and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
NAIROBI SHEEP DISEASE
8.OVINE EPIDIDYMITIS ( BRUCELLA OVIS)
Causing a clinical or subclinical disease that is characterised by genital lesions and reduced
fertility in rams, placentitis and abortions in ewes, and increased perinatal mortality in lambs.

Symptoms:
Obvious swelling, hardening or differences in size can often be seen and palpated through the
scrotum.

Treatment:
Eradication can be achieved by a combination of manual examination, blood testing, and
removal of infected rams as soon as they are detected. There is no effective vaccine.

Statistic:
There are a reported 500,000 incident cases of human brucellosis per year. However, true
incidence is estimated to be 5,000,000 to 12,500,000 cases annually
OVINE EPIDIDYMITIS ( BRUCELLA OVIS)
9. SALMONELLOSIS (SALMONELLA ABORTUSOVIS)
Salmonellosis (salmonella abortusovis) can be found in some sheep flocks, possibly contaminating
their meat and the farm environment leading to direct and indirect infection of people and animals.
It can cause serious illness, including abortion and death, in adult sheep and lambs

Symptoms-In a typical outbreak of salmonellosis, some sheep will be found dead and others
acutely ill. Salmonellosis may occur in sheep of any age, breed or condition, and in both sexes. It
occurs more commonly in winter and spring, but it may occur at any time of year. Stress and high
stocking density are common precursors to outbreaks.

Signs include:

• fever
• reluctance to move
• dehydration
• severe, foul-smelling -diarrhoea
• abortion in pregnant ewes (aborted lambs may be the first sign noticed).
9. SALMONELLOSIS (SALMONELLA ABORTUSOVIS)
Control

• Move unaffected animals from the group from the area where the outbreak occurred to fresh ground where
they can spread out.

• Provide clean, plentiful water and improve their nutrition. Good quality hay may be attractive if their
appetites are poor.

• Minimise any further stress, especially mustering and yarding.

• Where practical, clean and disinfect yards, feeders and water troughs, using 5% formalin or other effective
disinfectant.

Treatment
• Antibiotics are recommended by a number of publications and veterinarians, but the efficacy of antibiotic
use in treating salmonellosis is unclear, and there are risks of adverse effects.

• Several antibiotics, including potentiated sulphonamides, ampicillin and amoxicillin, have been
recommended as effective treatments for salmonellosis in ruminants.

A recent study in U.S. sheep found that 14.4 percent of lamb pelts, 4.3 percent of pre-evisceration carcasses,
and 1.8 percent of postintervention carcasses at a U.S. slaughterhouse tested positive for Salmonella. The
most commonly identified serotype was S.
SALMONELLOSIS (SALMONELLA ABORTUSOVIS)
10. SCRAPIE
is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats. It is one of several
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and as such it is thought to be caused by a prion. Scrapie has
been known since at least 1732 and does not appear to be transmissible to humans.

Symptoms

Irritation

• -repeated rubbing of flanks and hindquarters against objects, such as fences or posts
• -repeated scratching of the flanks
• -nibbling or grinding teeth -when rubbing themselves or when rubbed firmly on the back
• -continued scratching of the -shoulder or ear with a hind foot
• -unusual nibbling of the feet, legs or other parts of the body
• -excessive wool loss or -skin damage Changes in posture and movement
trembling
Changes in behaviour (from normal) --unusual high stepping trot, -hopping like a
• -becoming excitable rabbit or -swaying back end
• -drooping ears -loss of coordination
• -increased nervousness -stumbling Later signs
• -lagging behind -standing awkwardly -weight loss
• -aggression -weak hind legs -death
• -depression or vacant stare -unable to stand
10. SCRAPIE

Control

Classical scrapie is spread from an infected dam to her offspring and other sheep or goats. Birth fluids and
afterbirth from infected animals will contaminate pastures or buildings. Contact between sheep and goats
and afterbirths should be kept to a minimum. Prompt removal of afterbirths and regular cleaning and
disinfecting of buildings used for lambing or kidding may reduce the risk of exposure of animals to the
scrapie agent. This will help to control the disease but it is unlikely to remove all the contamination in the
environment.

Treatment

Some sheep are more genetically resistant to classical scrapie than others. You can use genotype testing to
identify scrapie resistant sheep. Breeding those animals can be a good preventative method.

There is currently no treatment for scrapie. You should cull animals suspected of disease, with APHA’s help.
SCRAPIE
11. SHEEP POX AND GOAT POX

a disease that affects both sheep and goats, causes a considerable decline in production and
productivity in Ethiopia. The spread of unusual sheep and goat breeds as well as the growth of
intensive livestock production are both significantly hampered by the illness. Reduced milk output,
poor skin quality, and other production losses are the outcome of sheep- and goatpox, which cause
economic losses. Additionally, the disease's presence negatively impacts the commerce of goods
and animals, which reduces export revenues.

Symptoms:
Nodules start as red spots, especially in areas where there is no wool or hair. These red spots
develop into nodules or lumps, pustules and finally into thick crusts, which can later peel off. The
animals also often have eye and udder infections.

Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for sheep pox or goat pox, but supportive treatment may reduce
morbidity and complications.

Statistic:
12822 were sick, and 1480 died of sheep pox; from 182 outbreaks, 10066 were infected, and 997
deaths were reported from goat pox in the Amhara Regional State
SHEEP POX AND GOAT POX
THANKS