Poultry Pest & Diseases &

Their Control
CONTENT
 Viral Diseases of Poultry
and their Treatment and
Control
 Parasitic Infections
Affecting Poultry
Viral Diseases of Poultry and Their
Treatment and Control
Avian Influenza 01 02 Fowl Pox

Newcastle
Disease 03 04 Infectious
Bronchitis

05
Infectious Bursal Disease
Avian Influenza
AI, also known as “bird flu” is a highly contagious
viral diseases that can infect several species of
domesticated birds (chickens, turkeys, quails,
guinea folws, etc.).

Sign
• Edema in the comb and wattles
• Purple discoloration / cyanosis of the wattles,
combs, and legs
• Diarrhea
• Nasal discharge
• Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs
• Decreased egg production
Avian Influenza
Sign
• Coughing and sneezing
• Lack of coordination
• Swelling of the head, eyelids, wattles, hocks,
and comb
• Lack of energy and appetite
• Pinpoint hemorrhages on feet and shanks
• Ruffled feathers

There are two main ways avian flu is spread:

• Through migratory birds
• By human interaction
Avian Influenza
Control and Prevention
• Have flocks tested
• Thoroughly clean all equipment and
transportation vehicles used to move poultry
and clean habitats
• Closely monitor flock behavior, appearance,
and appetite
• Limit access to flocks to only the necessary
personnel
• Cutoff flock access to outside contact with
wild birds
Avian Influenza
Control and Prevention
• Isolate flocks that show signs of infection for
at least 30 days
• Do not borrow or use equipment from other
poultry farms
• Report bird flu symptoms in poultry
Fowl Pox
Fowl pox is a slow-spreading viral infection of
chickens and turkeys characterized by
proliferative lesions in the skin that progress to
thick scabs (cutaneous form) and by lesions in
the upper GI and respiratory tracts (diphtheritic
form). Virulent strains may cause lesions in the
internal organs (systemic form).

Sign
• Scabs or wart-like lesions on the comb,
wattles, eyelids, face, and feet
• Eyelid swelling and eyes sealed shut or
scabbed over
• Yellow canker lesions in mouth
Fowl Pox
Sign
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Reduced water consumption

Transmission
• Fowl pox is transmitted to flocks primarily
through biting mosquitoes (Culex and Aedes
species), or new birds introduced to your flock
may be latent carriers of the disease.
Fowl Pox
Prevention
• Fowl pox outbreaks in poultry confined to
houses can be controlled by spraying to kill
mosquitoes.
• However, if fowl pox is endemic in the area,
the best way to control the disease is through
vaccination.
Newcastle Disease
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious
and often severe disease found worldwide that
affects birds including domestic poultry. It is
caused by a virus in the family of
paramyxoviruses.

Sign
• Hoarse chirps (in chicks)
• Watery discharge from nostrils
• Laboured breathing (gasping)
• Facial Swelling
• Paralysis
Newcastle Disease
Sign
• Trembling
• Twisting of the neck

Transmission
• The disease is spread by direct contact with
bodily fluids of infected birds, especially their
faeces. It can also be spread indirectly
through people and objects that have been in
contact with infected birds, or their excretions
(such as faeces).
Newcastle Disease
Prevention
• Prevention programs should include
vaccination, good sanitation, and the
implementation of a comprehensive
biosecurity program.
• Antibiotics can be given 3-5 days to prevent
secondary infections.
• For chicks, increasing the brooding
temperature to 5ºF may help reduce losses.
Infectious Bronchitis
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly
contagious, viral respiratory disease of chickens,
characterized by tracheal rales, coughing, and
sneezing. In addition, it may affect the kidneys,
and in laying flocks, it decreases egg production
and impairs the quality of eggs produced
Sign
• Affected chickens will be chirping with watery
discharge from the eyes and nostrils
• Laboured breathing with some gasping in
young chicken
Infectious Bronchitis
Prevention
• Establish and enforce a biosecurity program
• Antibiotics for 305 days may aid in combating
bacterial infections
• Raise the room temperature by 5ºF for
brooding-age chickens until symptoms
subside.
• Baby chicks can be encouraged to eat by
using a warm, moist mash.
Infectious Bursal Disease
Infectious bursal disease, caused by infectious
bursal disease virus, is a disease of young
chickens.
Sign
• Sudden drop in feed and water consumption
• Watery droppings leading to soiling feathers
around the vent, and vent pecking
• Feathers appear ruffled
• Chicks are listless and sit in a hunched
position
Infectious Bursal Disease
Prevention
• The vaccine is commercially available
• Vitamin-electrolyte therapy is helpful
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry

Internal
Parasites 01 02 External
Parasites

03
Protozoa
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry

Parasitism
• Parasitism may be defined as a condition in which
one organism (the parasite) either harms its host or in
some way lives at the expense of the host.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Internal Parasites
• Tapeworm
 A high percentage of chickens may be
infected with tapeworms if they are reared
on range or in backyard flocks. These
parasites are found more frequently
during warmer seasons when
intermediate hosts are abundant.
Tapeworms may obstruct the intestine of
an infected bird in the same way as
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Internal Parasites
• Tapeworm
 Transmission: House fly
 Clinical Signs: Poor Growth; Diarrhea
 Control: No approved medication
controlling the intermediate hosts
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Internal Parasites
• Roundworm
 Also called ascarids, are the most
common intestinal parasite found in
poultry. These worms are species-specific,
so there is little chance of cross infection
among poultry species or from poultry to
pets or humans.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Internal Parasites
• Roundworm
 Transmission: By droppings; worm eggs
picked by intermediate hosts
 Clinical Signs: Enteritis; Anemia
 Treatment and Preventions: Treated with
piperzine
 Control: Remover backyard flocks;
deworming; removing litter after each
cycle
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Mites
 Chicken mite (or red poultry mite,
Dermanyssus gallinae) is a blood-sucking
mite that generally feeds on poultry during
the night. During the day these mites may
be hiding in areas throughout the poultry
house, especially in cracks and crevices of
sur- rounding woodwork, under clods of
dirt or manure, or in nests.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Mites
 Transmission: Transport equipment;
Vaccination Crew; Rodent
 Clinical Signs: Leading to anemia; Irritation
and stress; Increase feed intake
 Control: Poultry house hygiene; whole flock
replacement rather than partial culling;
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Mites
 Control: Cleaning thoroughly after
removing previous flock; Avoid bringing
new mites via: Transport equipment's,
vaccination crew, and rodents.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Fleas
 These fleas may be common in backyard
poultry flocks or areas where birds spend
a lot of time outdoors or interface with
wildlife. Adult fleas are dark brown and
laterally flattened. Adult fleas embed in
the skin of their host for days or weeks.
On chickens, they prefer to attach to the
wattles, comb, or face.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Fleas
 Transmission: They travel by jumping from
one person or animal to another.
 Clinical Signs: Infection on the comb,
wattles and face.
 Control: Remove infested litter and to dust
the litter surface with carbaryl,
coumaphos, malathion, or pyrethroids to
kill immature fleas.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Lice
 Poultry lice are fast-moving, 6 legged, flat
insects with round heads that live only on
the chicken and its feathers. They are
beige or straw colored and are typically
found at the base of feather shafts near
the vent.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Lice
 Transmission: transfer from one bird
species to another when the hosts are in
close contact
 Clinical Signs: dirty-looking vent feathers,
decreased activity or listlessness, a pale
comb, changes in appetite, a drop in egg
production, weight loss, feather-pulling,
bald spots, redness or scabs on the skin
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Lice
 Control: Lice are best controlled on caged
chickens or turkeys by spraying with
insecticides. Eggs are not killed, so
insecticide treatment should be repeated
after 10 days.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Protozoa
• Coccidia
 Is caused by protozoan parasites from the
genus Eimeria. These parasites are host-
specific, and many species occupy a
specific segment of the intestinal tract.
Coccidiosis may be one of the most
common diseases affecting small flocks
around the world, causing loss in
performance and even mortality.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Coccidia
 Transmission: Contamination of feces
 Clinical Signs: Weight losses, bloody
droppings
 Treatment and Preventions: Anticoccidial
chemicals, feed meditation, Coccidiosis
vaccination
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
Protozoa
• Histomoniasis
 Blackhead disease (histomoniasis) is an
important poultry disease that affects
turkeys, chickens, and game birds such as
partridges, pheasants, and quail. The
disease is caused by the protozoa
Histomonas meleagridis, tiny, single-celled
organisms that are spread to the bird by
the roundworm Heterakis gallinarum.
Parasitic Infections Affecting Poultry
External Parasites
• Histomoniasis
 Transmission: Direct transmission; Indirect
transmission
 Clinical Signs: Depression, stand or sit with
ruffled feathers, yellowish diarrhea
 Treatment and Preventions: Protozoan
chemotherapeutics, Proper hygiene,
Elimination of ceacal worms
THAN
K
YOU!!!
 GROUP 6
 JEBBIE JURADO
 JOHANNAH FERRER
 LEONILA DOTIMAS
 MATTHEW PHILIP RAQUEPO
 LIRIO LICAYCAY