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n
(mi ri 2 ) Axis of rotation
i 1
O r1
m1
Factors that affect the
moment of inertia of a r4 r2 Rigid body
rigid body : m4
r3 m2
a. Mass
b. Its shape m3
G ring
I Mr 2
r = radius
M = mass
1
G disc I Mr 2
2
Moment of Inertia :
R 2
G Hollow sphere I MR 2
3
2
R I MR 2
G Solid sphere 5
1
Solid cylinder I MR 2
G 2
The Parallel axes theorem
G 12
l
Axis of rotation
1
I Ml 2 Mh 2
12
G
1
Ml 2
h=½l 3
Question 1 : The moment of inertia of a
S P disc about the axes PQ is
1
I Ma 2
a G
disc 2
See diagram.
T Q
Find the moment of inertia of the disc about the axis ST.
Perpendicular axes theorem
If Ix and Iy are the moments of inertia of a body about the axis
OX and OY respectively, and OX is perpendicular to OY. Then
the moment of inertia I about an axis OZ which is perpendicular
to both OX and OY is given by
Z I = Ix + Iy
O X
Y
Question 2
The moment of inertia of a
disc about the axes PQ is
1
I Ma 2 See diagram.
2
P
G
a X
Y
Q
L I
Q
Question 4:
Axis or
rotation
Question 5:
Assuming that the Earth is a sphere of uniform
density, mass 6.0 x 1024 kg, radius 6.4 x 106 m,
calculate the angular momentum of Earth about
its axis of rotation.
Earth
Axis of
rotation
Conservation of Angular Momentum
e.g. :
Question 3 :
2 2 2
But , v r
P is the same for all particles
1 1 1
v1 K .E. m1 (r1 ) m2 (r2 ) .... mn (rn )
2 2 2
m 2 2 2
m4 1
O r1
v4 r4 1 2 n
r3 r2 v2 K .E. m1ri 2
m3 2 i 1
v3 m2
1 2
K .E. I
Q 2
Kinetic Energy of a Rolling Body
Consider a cylinder of mass M, radius a rolling along a horizontal plane
as shown. Lets say its angular velocity about the axis of the cylinder is
T
v
a
P
S Continue
The moment of inertia about PQ is IG =½ Ma2
The moment of inertia about ST is I = IG + Ma2
(parallel axes theorem)
= ½ IG 2 + ½ Ma2 2
= ½ IG 2 + ½ Mv2
2 5 2
2
1 2 2 v 1
[ Ma ] Mv 2
2 5 a 2
7
Mv 2
10
Question 6 :
a. A cylinder of mass 2kg, radius 5 cm rolls down an inclined plane
without sliding. After moving down a vertical height of 2 m, what is
its velocity v along the plane ?
2m
v 30o
Point of
rotation,O r
0
3m
rFsin
4
3 10
5
24 N m
Question : Is torque a scalar or vector quantity ?
Ans : vector
I
Analogy between linear motion and rotational motion.
Linear motion Rotational motion
W=F(r) r
But Fr = 0
W=
Example : What is the work done on the
flywheel after 5 s if it starts
from rest ?
Radius = 0.1 m
(moment of inertia = 4 kg m2)
50 N