PHYSICS FORMULAE & CONCEPTS

ROTATORY MOTION
1. When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis Mathematical Definition:
every particle of the body moves in circular Moment of inertia of a rigid body about a
path. given axis of rotation is the sum of products
2. The perpendicular distance from axis of ro of the masses of various particles and square
tation to given point is called radius vector. of their perpendicular distance from the axis
3. In rotation of a body about a fixed axis angu- of rotation
lar variables are same for all particles but I = m1r 1 2 + m2r 2 2 + …… + mnr n 2 or I =
linear variables changes n 2
Relation between angular and linear variables.  mi .ri
i 1
1. v  r
Units Kg.m2 Dimensions: M L2 T0
2. a  r 9. Moment of intertia of different bodies
4. Kinematical Equations of rotatory Motion: a. Rod  axis Passing through its centre
1.   0  t M 2
and perpendicular to its lenght
1 12
2.    0 t  t 2 b. Rectangular plate or bar  axis Passing
2 through its center and perpenducular to
2 2
3.     2
0 M 2 Mb 2
plane +
When 0 : Initial angular velocity 12 12
 : Final angular velocity c. Circular disc  axis Passign through its
centre and perpendicular to its plane or
 : Uniform angular acceleration
t : time MR 2
Important Points: transverse axis
2
5. Torque:
The turning effect of a force about the axis MR 2
of rotation is called moment of force or d. Solid cylinder  Its own axis
2
torque.
10. Radius of gyration:
Torque = Force x Perpendicular distance of It is defined as the distance from the axis of
line of action of force from axis of rotation. rotation to a point where whole mass of the
rotating body supposed to be concentrated.
  r F It is denoted by ‘K’
If ‘K’ is radius of gyration
|  | rF sin  Then I = mK2
r : Position vector
6. Couple: Important Points:
Two forces equal in magnitude but opposite a. Moment of inertia of a body depends on mass
in direction acting at two different points of a of the body and its distribution about the axis
body constitute coupe of rotation.
7. Moment of Couple: b. Moment of inertia changes with change in
The product of magnitude of force in couple position of axis of rotation
and perpendicular distance between them. c. Radius of gyration is not a constant quantity.
8. Moment of Inertia: Its value changes with change in location of
Def : Inability of a body to change its state of rota- axis of rotation.
tion by itself is called moment of inertia (I). Relation between  and I .   I .
Moment of inertia is analogue to mass in
(It is analogue to F = ma in translatory motion).
translatory motion.

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PHYSICS FORMULAE & CONCEPTS
11. Angular momentum (L): Where L = I  ,  I  is constant
Moment of linear momentum of a particle in I1  1 = I2  2
rotation about axis of rotation is known as 14. Theorems on moment of inertia
Angular momentum a. Perpendicular axes theorem:
Angular momentum = linear momentum x Statement: moment of inertia of a plane laminar
Perpendicular distance from axis of rotation. about an axis perpendicular to its plane
Angular momentum is a vector quantity passing through a point is equal to the sum of
In vector from L rP moments of inertia of the lamina about any
two mutually perpendicular axis in its plane
L  rp sin  and passing through same point.
r : Position vector.. IZ = Ix + Iy.
r sin  : Perpendicular distance. b. Parallel axes theorem:
Moment of inertia of a rigid body about any
a. Relation between L & I , L= I . axis is equal to the sum of its moment of
b. Linear momentum is measure of motion inertia about a parallel axis passing through
in linear motion. its centre of mass and the product of the mass
c. Angular momentum is the measure of of the body and square of the perpendicular
motion in rotation. Newton’s second law distance between the two axes.
IZ = ICm + MR2
dL
for rotation   . Which gives rate 15. Motion of a body in vertical circular
dt plane:
of change of angular momentum is Important Formula:
directly proportional to torque. a. Minimum velocity at lowest point to
d. Relation between angular momentum and describe vertical circular motion
rotational K.E.
V1  5 Rg.
L2
 KE  b. Critical velocity at highest point
2I
12. For a rolling body it possess both rotational V2  Rg
and transnational K.E. c. Tension in the rope at lowest point
EK = Et + Er
mv12
1 2 1 2 T1   mg
E= mr  I R
2 2 d. Tension in the rope at the highest point
Where V: Velocity of centre of mass.
13. Law of conservation of angular momentum: mv22
As long as external torque acting on a sys- T2   mg
R
tem its zero then the total angular momen-
e. At critical velocity tension at highest
tum remains constant.
point in zero
dL
 .
dt
If 0
dL
Where 0 L is constant.
dt

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