REDUCTION-

OXIDATION
(REDOX)
TITRATION:
DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE OF
IRON IN A SAMPLE
ACTIVITY 4
CHEM 111.1:INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1
LABORATORY
 INTRODUCTION
REDOX TITRATION IS A LABORATORY METHOD OF DETERMINING
THE CONCENTRATION OF A GIVEN ANALYTE BY CAUSING A REDOX
REACTION BETWEEN THE TITRANT AND THE ANALYTE. THE
PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN THE OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS IS
THAT THE OXIDATION PROCESS INVOLVES THE LOSS OF ELECTRONS
WHEREAS THE REDUCTION PROCESS INVOLVES THE GAIN OF
ELECTRONS. MOREOVER, THIS TITRIMETRIC METHOD IS MAINLY
BASED UPON THE CHANGE OF THE OXIDATION NUMBER OR
ELECTRONS TRANSFER BETWEEN THE REACTANTS, THAT IS, THESE
REACTIONS ARE MAINLY BASED UPON THE OXIDATION-REDUCTION
THE AIM OF THIS EXPERIMENT IS TO FIND OUT HOW MUCH
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS IN A SAMPLE AND HOW MUCH IRON
IS IN IT. MANGANESE WILL GAIN ELECTRONS AND IRON (II) WILL
MOST LIKELY LOSE ELECTRONS, ACCORDING TO THE REDOX
REACTION.
Table 1. List of Apparatus
Apparatus Specification Quantity

Beaker 100mL, 75mL, 250mL 1, 2, 4

Erlenmeyer Flask 100mL 2

Volumetric Flask with 250mL 1

stopper

Test tube 10mL, 100mL 1, 1

Volumetric Pipette 25mL 1
Aspirator   1
Spatula   1
Watch Glass   1
Top loading balance   1
Mortar and pestle   1
Iron clamp and stand   2
Burette clamp   2
Burette   2
Heating Mantle   1
White Tile   2
Wash Bottle   2
Funnel   1
TABLE 2. LIST OF CHEMICALS & REAGENTS
Chemical Reagent Concentration Quantity

Potassium 0.02M, 0.015M

Permanganate  

Oxalic Acid    

Sulfuric Acid 2M, 1M  

Manganese (II)    

Deionized Water    

Iron Tablets   5
METHODOLOGY
1. THE BURETTE WAS SET-UP AND FILLED WITH POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE SOLUTION OR KMNO4.
2. THE STANDARD OXALIC ACID WAS ALREADY MEASURED IN THE
ERLENMEYER FLASK THEN A PINCH OF MANGANESE (II) WAS
ADDED AND USED AS A CATALYST, ADDING 2M SULFURIC ACID
WAS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO SET THE PH.
3. AFTER THE SOLUTION WAS STIRRED, THE SOLUTION WAS SLOWLY
TITRATED WITH 0.02M POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
4. MILD HEATING IT INTO A HOTPLATE, THE REACTION BECAME
IMMEDIATE THEN TITRATING IT WITH KMNO4 WITH A CONTINUOUS
MIXING. AFTERWARDS, THE FINAL COLOR WAS OBSERVED.
T.

5. DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF IRON IN AN IRON TABLET.

6. USING SULFURIC ACID TO RINSE ALL THE REMAINING THEN FILL UP THE FLASK
WITH IONIZED WATER UNTIL BOTTOM OF MENISCUS IS IN LINE WITH GRADUATION
MARK AT EYE LEVEL.
7. A STOPPER WAS USED TO CLOSED THE FLASK AND INVERTED APPROXIMATELY 20
TIMES THEN TRANSFERRED THE HOMOGENOUS SOLUTION OF IRON INTO A 250 ML
BEAKER, RINSE THE PIPETTE WITH WATER, THEN DRAW THE IRON THE SOLUTION
INTO THE PIPETTE UNTIL THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS IS IN LINE WITH THE
GRADUATION MARK AT EYE LEVEL.
8. TRANSFER THE 25ML MEASURED SOLUTION INTO A 100 ML CLEAN DRY
ERLENMEYER FLASK, ADDED THE KMNO4 INTO THE BURETTE THEN DRAIN IT UNTIL
THE TOP OF THE MENISCUS REACHES THE ZERO POINT, AT EYE LEVEL.
9. ADD 10 CM3 OF SULFURIC ACID THEN TAKE NOTE THAT THE STARTING POINT AT
ZERO, SLOWLY ADD THE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TO THE IRON SOLUTION WITH A
CONTINUOUS MIXING UNTIL THE FIRST PERSISTENT PURPLE COLOR REMAINED IN
THE ERLENMEYER FLASK.
DATA AND
RESULTS
Figure 2. Table 2 calculation on standardization of KMnO₄
 ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION
IN THIS EXPERIMENT, THE TITRATION FOR AN OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION
WAS PERFORMED. REDOX REACTION IS ONE OF THE TYPE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
WHEREIN THERE'S A TRANSFER OF ELECTRON FROM ONE SUBSTANCE TO
ANOTHER. THE SUBSTANCE THAT DONATES ELECTRONS ARE CALLED REDUCING
AGENT WHILE THE SUBSTANCE THAT ACCEPTS ELECTRONS IS CALLED THE
OXIDIZING AGENT. THE ENDPOINT OF THIS TITRATION IS WHERE THE NUMBER OF
EQUIVALENCE OF THE REDUCING AGENT IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF THE
EQUIVALENCE OF THE OXIDIZING AGENT. IN THIS REACTION, POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE (KMNO₄) SERVES AS OXIDIZING AGENT, WHILE IRON IS THE
REDUCING AGENT. THE PERMANGANATE (MNO₄⁻) IS AN INTENSE DARK PURPLE
COLOR, WHILE THE END POINT IS SIGNALED BY THE APPEARANCE OF PINK COLOR.
THE BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION IN THIS REACTION IS SHOWN IN EQUATION 2.
MANGANESE IN THIS STATE IS IN +7 OXIDATION, THE
HIGHEST IN KMNO4 THAT’S WHY IT CAN ONLY BE
REDUCED OR GAIN ELECTRONS. MANGANESE CAN
ALSO BE IN +4, +3 AND 0 BUT THE MOST COMMON
REDUCTION IS +2. THUS, MANGANESE IS IN FORM OF
MN2+ THAT OCCURS AS HYDRATED ION IN WATER. THE
HALF REACTIONS AND THE OVERALL AS WELL WERE
SHOWN IN THE EQUATION 2.
THIS EXPERIMENT WAS SEPARATED INTO TWO
MAJOR PARTS, (1) STANDARDIZATION OF POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE AND (2) DETERMINATION OF THE
AMOUNT OF IRON IN SAMPLE. STANDARDIZATION OF
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS A NECESSARY STEP
TO DETERMINE ITS EXACT CONCENTRATION SO THAT
THE RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS ARE ACCURATE
AND REPEATABLE. IN DETERMINATION OF THE
AMOUNT OF SAMPLE, THE MASS OF THE SAMPLE
WHICH IS TWO PIECES OF IRON TABLETS WAS FIRST
DETERMINED BY WEIGHING DIFFERENCE.
THE OBTAINED AVERAGE AMOUNT OF IRON IN THE SAMPLE
CAN DEVIATE FROM THE TRUE VALUE BECAUSE OF SOME
POSSIBLE ERRORS, IT INCLUDES THE POSSIBILITY OF
HAVING IMPURITIES AND CONTAMINATION SINCE
CLEANLINESS OF THE GLASSWARES IN TWO PARTS OF THE
EXPERIMENT ARE NOT SHOWN THAT’S WHY IT IS NOT
GUARANTEED AND ALSO SIGNIFICANT FIGURES ALONG
THE CALCULATIONS SINCE THERE’S NO ROUNDING OFF IN
THE PROCESS.
TECHNIQUE REFERS ON HOW A CERTAIN TASK WAS
EXECUTED. MOREOVER, GOOD TITRATION TECHNIQUE
INCLUDES RINSING THE SIDES OF THE RECEIVING VESSEL,
THOROUGH AND CONTINUOUS MIXING AND MAKING SURE
THAT THE SOLID WAS TOTALLY DISSOLVED.
NEVERTHELESS, THE SAFETY OF THE PERFORMER MUST BE
THE UTMOST PRIORITY IN EVERY EXPERIMENT. THUS,
LABORATORY SAFETY AND PRACTICES MUST ALWAYS BE
TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION. HOWEVER, IN THIS
EXPERIMENT THE PERFORMER OF STANDARDIZATION DOES
NOT WEAR GLOVES.
CONCLUSION
IN CONCLUSION, THROUGH OXIDATION-REDUCTION
REACTION TITRATION INVOLVING FE2+(AQ) AND MNO4 -
(AQ), A MASS OF FE2+ IN AN IRON TABLET WAS DETERMINED
TO HAVE AN AVERAGE OF 0.0586 G PER 500 MG IRON
TABLET. THIS AVERAGE VALUE CAN DEVIATE FROM THE
THEORETICAL VALUE DUE TO SOME ERROR IN SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES ALONG THE CALCULATIONS AND PRESENCE OF
CONTAMINANTS AND IMPURITIES.
REFERENCES
BYJUS. REDOX TITRATION. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/CHEMISTRY/REDOX-TITRATION/ DETERMINATION OF IRON (II) BY REDOX
TITRATION. RETRIEVED FROM, HTTP://FACULTY.UML.EDU/JAMES_HALL/84124/16.HTM
SAFETY DATA SHEET OXALIC ACID. (2020, JULY 8). RETRIEVED FROM, ,HTTPS://SAFETYDATA.ECOLAB.COM/SVC/GETPDF/OXALIC_ACID_ENGLISH?
SID=975383&CNTRY=NZ&LANGID=ENGB&LANGTYPE=RFC1766LANGCODE&LOCALE=EN&PDFNAME=OXALIC_ACID_ENG LISH.PDF
FISHERSCI.COM. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET DEIONIZED WATER. (2003, MARCH 18). RETRIEVED FROM,
HTTPS://FSCIMAGE.FISHERSCI.COM/MSDS/89955.HTM
TITRATION- REDOX IRON TABLET. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://PRACTICAL-CHEMISTRY.COM/PRACTICAL- WORK/CHEMISTRY/QUANTITATIVE-
CHEMISTRY/TITRATION-REDOX-IRON-TABLET/
MOTT, V. (N.D.). INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY. RETRIEVED FROM, HTTPS://COURSES.LUMENLEARNING.COM/INTROCHEM/CHAPTER/REDOX-
TITRATIONS/
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET MANGANESE(II) SULFATE MONOHYDRATE. (2009, JANUARY 30). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://FSCIMAGE.FISHERSCI.COM/MSDS/13655.HTM
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. (2008, FEBRUARY 15). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://FSCIMAGE.FISHERSCI.COM/MSDS/19520.HTM
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET SULFURIC ACID 90–98%. (2008, FEBRUARY 13). RETRIEVED FROM.
HTTPS://FSCIMAGE.FISHERSCI.COM/MSDS/22350.HTM
APPENDICE
S
APPENDIX A.
LABORATORY QUESTIONS
1. Enumerate the laboratory techniques performed in the virtual experiments. Briefly explain
the purpose of the techniques in the conduct of the activity.
 There is only one laboratory technique used in the virtual experiment which is
Titration. Titration is usually used for determining unknown concentration of
sample and is also used in chemically balancing reagents that makes it suitable
for both the virtual experiments.
2. Enumerate all bad laboratory practices of the analyst in the experiment (if there is any).
You may enclose in a parenthesis the time when it happened.
 On both virtual experiments, both performers were seen not using proper PPE,
on the standardization of potassium permanganate the performer is not using
gloves while on the titration of iron sample, the performer is not using any
mask on.
3. IDENTIFY ALL POSSIBLE SOURCE OF ERRORS IN THE VIRTUAL EXPERIMENT (IF THERE IS
ANY). HOW CAN EACH OF THESE ERRORS BE PREVENTED OF CORRECTED.
• THERE IS NO SEEN POSSIBLE SOURCE OF LABORATORY ERRORS FROM THE VIRTUAL EXPERIMENTS
BUT IF THE GLASS APPARATUS USED WERE NOT PROPERLY CLEANED, IT MAY CAUSE
CONTAMINATION WHICH MAY LEAD TO A POSSIBLE ERROR ON THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS.

4. IDENTIFY THE OXIDIZING AGENTS AND REDUCING AGENTS IN THE VIRTUAL EXPERIMENTS.
• ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, THE OXIDIZING AGENT IS THE
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE WHILE THE OXALIC ACID ACTED AS THE REDUCING AGENT.
• ON THE TITRATION OF IRON SAMPLE, THE IRON SAMPLE IS THE REDUCING AGENT AND THE
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS THE OXIDIZING AGENT.

5. HOW CAN ONE DETERMINE THE ENDPOINT OF THE TITRATION IN THE GIVEN VIRTUAL
ACTIVITY?
• THE ENDPOINT IS WHERE THE TITRATION ENDS IS USUALLY DETERMINED BY A CHANGE IN COLOR
OF THE INDICATOR. ON BOTH EXPERIMENTS, THE ENDPOINT IS DETERMINED WHEN THE INDICATOR
TURNED PINK.
6. Write a balances oxidation-reduction equation for the reaction of oxalic acid with potassium
permanganate in an acidic solution.

Reduction:
2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 3 H2O + 5e-

Oxidation:
5(COOH) 2 + 5e- 5 H2O + 10 CO2

Over-all reaction:
2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 + 5(COOH) 2 K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O + 10 CO2
7. Write a balances oxidation-reduction equation for the reaction of Fe
sample with potassium permanganate in an acidic solution.

Reduction:
K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O
10 e- + 10 H+ + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4

Oxidation:
H2SO4 + 2 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 10 CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 e-

Over-all reaction:
2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 + 10 FeSO4 K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O + 5 Fe2(SO4)3
THANK
YOU!