THE POWER CIRCLE DIAGRAM AND ITS USE

The transmission line receiving end voltage and current Er and

Ir in terms of sending voltage and current Es and Is as follows,
with AD – BC = 1, and A = D:
 Receiving-end circle diagram for calculating reactive
compensation for voltage control at buses
If the receiving-end voltage is held constant, as is usually dictated by the
load, the centre of the circle is fixed, but the radius will depend on the value
of the sending-end voltage, Es.
Therefore, for a chosen variation in |Es|, a system of circles with centre at C
and proper radius given by equation (12.40) can be drawn.
The power-circle diagram and the geometrical relations resulting from it are
extremely useful to a design engineer and an operating engineer to
determine the status of power flow, reactive power flow, compensation
requirements for voltage control and many properties concerning the system.
From the power circle diagram ,if the radius passing through origin i.e load
active power (PL) and reactive power (QL) are equal or zero then

Now the radius passing through (xc,yc) and (0,0) then slope of the line will be
• Similarly for no load condition i.e Pr=0
Maximum Power
Problem 1
• The following details are given for a 750-kV 3-phase line: Resistance r
=0.014 ohm/km, inductance l = 0.866 mH/km, reactance x = 0.272 ohm/km
at 50 Hz, c = 12.82nF/km giving a susceptance of y = 4.0275 × 10–6
mho/km, velocity v = 3 × 108 m/s = 3 × 105 km/sec, line length = 500 km.
Calculate items (a) and (b) below, and work parts (c) and (d). Give proper
units for all quantities.
• From the above example, it may be observed
that at no load inductive compensation is
necessary amounting to 492.25 MVAR and at
full load the compensation required is
capacitive amounting to 786 MVAR.
• The ratio of inductive to capacitive MVAR's is
492.25/786 = 0.626.