Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREPARED BY:
KASIM MALEK SIR
INTRODUCTION
The cement concrete is a mixture of cement,
sand,pebbles or crushed rock and water, which, when
placed in the skeleton of forms and allowed to cure,
become hard like stone.
The cement concrete has attained the status of major
building materials because of following reasons.
1. Its set quickly as compared to lime.
2. It has good compressive strength.
3. It can be readily moulded into desire size and
shape.
4. It binds rapidly with steel and as it is weak in
tension, the steel reinforcement is placed in cement
concrete to resists tensile stresses. This is termed as
R.C.C(reinforced cement concrete).
Different Types Of Cement.
1.Acid-resistant 7.Low heat cement.
cement. 8.Pozzolana cement.
2.Blast furnace 9.Extra rapid hardening
cement. cement
3.Coloured cement. 10.Sulphate resisting
4.Expanding cement. cement
5.Quick setting 11.White cement
cement. 12.Air entraining
6.Hydrophobic cement. 13. High alumina
14. Water proof cement
Details of different cement with their uses
1.Acid-resistant cement:-It is composed of the
following.
Acid-resistant aggregates such as
quartz,quartzites,etc
Additive such as sodium fluosilicate Na2SiF6 and
Solution of sodium silicate or soluble glass.
By adding 0.5% of linseed oil it resistant to water
is increased and it is known as acid and water
resistant cement.
USES:-In chemical industry its used as heat
resistant & acid resistant coating.
2. Blast furnace:-For this cement, the slag as obtained from
blast furnace is used. Slag is a waste product in the
manufacturing process of pig iron.
Uses:- Construction in cold regions like marine and under
ground works.
3.Coloured cement:-Cement of desired colour may be
obtained by mixing pigments with ordinary cement.
Uses:- Widely used for floor finishing, stair treads,artifical
marble, window sill slab etc.
4.Expanding cement:-Contain sulpho aluminate stabilizing
agent, expands on setting.
Use:-It is used for construction of water retaining
structures and also for repairing the damaged concrete.
5.Quick setting cement:-This cement is produced by
adding small % of aluminum sulphate and finely grinding
the cement. And less % of gypsum is added. The setting
action setting starts within five minutes and becomes hard
in 30 min.
Uses:-It is used in under water construction & running
water.
6.Hydrophobic cement:-This type of cement contain
admixtures which decrease the wetting ability of cement
grains.
Uses:-Can be stored for long periods. Thus frost
resistance and water resistance is increased.
7.Low heat cement:-It contains less C3S and C3A
percentage, and higher percentage of C2S.this cement
posses less compressive strength.
Uses:-It is mainly used for mass concrete work.
8.Pozzolana cement:-It contains volcanic ash, pozzolana. Heat
of hydration is low. And high tensile strength.
USE:-Hydraulic structures i.e. dam, Sewage works.
9.Extra Rapid hardening setting cement:-This cement is
obtained by adding calcium chloride with rapid hardening
portland cement. This type of cement should be
transported,placed,compacted and finished within 20 minutes after
mixing.
10.Sulphate resisting cement:-The sulphate resistant cement is
made with low C3A content is found to be effective. Such
cement with low C3A and comparatively low C4AF content is
known as sulphate resisting cement. This cement has a high
silicate content. The specification generally limits the C3A
content to 5 percent.
Uses:-In foundations where soil contain sulphate.
In marine construction.
11. White cement:-It is prepared from pure lime
stones, free from iron oxides.
USES:-swimming pools, decorative works etc.
Fineness
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Consistency
Setting time
Soundness
Chemical composition
The
following are the chemical requirements of
ordinary portland cement as per IS-269-1998.
i. Ratio of % of alumina to that of iron oxide should be
less than 0.66.
ii. Ratio of percentage of alumina,silica,iron oxide should
be between 0.66 and 1.22,when calculated by following
formula:
Le chaterlier apparatus
Procedure to determine soundness of cement:
i) Place the mould on a glass sheet and fill it with the cement paste formed
by gauging cement with 0.78 times the water required to give a paste of
standard consistency.
ii) Cover the mould with another piece of glass sheet, place a small weight
on this covering glass sheet and immediately submerge the whole
assembly in water at a temperature of 27 ± 2oC and keep it there for 24hrs.
iii) Measure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest 0.5mm
(say d1 ).
iv) Submerge the mould again in water at the temperature prescribed above.
Bring the water to boiling point in 25 to 30 minutes and keep it boiling for
3hrs.
v) Remove the mould from the water, allow it to cool and measure the
distance between the indicator points (say d2 ).