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m À
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(e.g., Y
Y ) must be kept dry in order to
retain their strength.
m Portland cement was developed from natural cements made in Britain in the early part of
the nineteenth century, and its name is derived from its similarity to Portland stone, a
type of building stone that was quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.[1]
m The most important use of cement is the production of | |
ôthe bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong
building material that is durable in the face of normal environmental
effects.
m ¬oncrete should not be confused with cement because the term cement
refers to the material used to bind the aggregate materials of concrete.
¬
m Portland cement is the chief ingredient in cement paste - the binding agent in
portland cement concrete (P¬¬). It is a hydraulic cement that, when combined
with water, hardens into a solid mass. Interspersed in an aggregate matrix it
forms P¬¬.
m As a material, portland cement has been used for well over 175 years and, from
an empirical perspective, its behavior is well-understood. ¬w |
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| whose mechanisms and
interactions have yet to be fully defined.
m ASTM ¬ 125 and the Portland ¬ement Association (P¬A) provide the
following precise definitions:
G hydraulic cement - An inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials
that sets and develops strength by chemical reaction with water by formation
of hydrates and is capable of doing so under water.
G portland cement - A hydraulic cement composed primarily of hydraulic
calcium silicates.
m A hydraulic cement capable of setting, and hardening remaining stable under
water.
m Type 2
m Is used for structures in water or soil containing moderate amounts of sulfate, or when heat
build-up is a concern.
m Type 3:
m ñigh early strength. Used when high strength are desired at very early periods.
m Type 4:
m Low heat Portland cement. Used where the amount and rate of heat generation must be kept
to a minimum.
m Type 5:
m Sulfate resistant Portland cement. Used where the water or soil is high in alkali.
m Types IA, IIA and IIIA are cements used to make air-entrained concrete. They have the same
properties as types I, II, and III, except that they have small quantities of air-entrained
materials combined with them.
m Sulphate ½esisting Portland ¬ement: This cement is beneficial in the areas where
concrete has an exposure to seacoast or sea water or soil or ground water. Under
any such instances, the concrete is vulnerable to sulphates attack in large amounts
and can cause damage to the structure. ñence, by using this cement one can reduce
the impact of damage to the structure. This cement has high demand in India.
m ½apid ñardening Portland ¬ement: The texture of this cement type is quite similar
to that of OP¬. But, it is bit more fine than OP¬ and possesses immense
compressible strength, which makes casting work easy.
m Oil Well ¬ement: Made of iron, coke, limestone and iron scrap, Oil Well ¬ement is used in
constructing or fixing oil wells. This is applied on both the off-shore and on-shore of the
wells.
m ¬linker ¬ement: Produced at the temperature of about 1400 to1450 degree ¬elsius, clinker
cement is needed in the construction work of complexes, houses and bridges. The ingredients
for this cement comprise iron, quartz, clay, limestone and bauxite.
m White cement: It is a kind of Ordinary Portland ¬ement. The ingredients of this cement are
inclusive of clinker, fuel oil and iron oxide. The content of iron oxide is maintained below
0.4% to secure whiteness. White cement is largely used to increase the aesthetic value of a
construction. It is preferred for tiles and flooring works. This cement costs more than grey
cement.
m Apart from these, some of the other types of cement that are available in
India can be classified as:
m èw |
m Over decades, attempts have been made to obtain concrete with certain desired
characteristics such as high compressive strength, high workability, and high
performance and durability parameters to meet the requirement of complexity of modern
structures.
m The properties commonly modified are the heat of hydration, accelerate or retard setting
time, workability, water reduction, dispersion and air-entrainment, impermeability and
durability factors.
m ©
m ¬hemical admixtures - Accelerators, ½etarders, Water-reducing agents, Super
plasticizers, Air entraining agents etc.
m Mineral admixtures - Fly-ash Blast-furnace slag, Silica fume and ½ice husk Ash etc