THE NUCLEAR

ATOM
Created By Aadya and Vivaan
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
An atom consists of 3 sub-atomic particles:- Protons, Electrons and
Neutrons.
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons
roam in imaginary paths called orbits/shells.
Electrons were discovered by J.J Thomson, protons were discovered
by Ernest Rutherford, and neutrons were discovered by James
Chadwick.
Sub-atomic Charge Mass Location
Particle

Protons +1 1 amu Nucleus

Neutrons No charge(neutral) 1 amu Nucleus

Electrons -1 1/1836 amu(negligible) Orbits/shells

PLUM PUDDING MODEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSAgLvKOPLQ&t=281s
RUTHERFORD’S GOLD FOIL
EXPERIMENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EdTw4I6L0U
ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA
RADIATION
Radiation Ionisation Penetration Symbol Mass Charge Electric Magnetic
Field field
deflection deflection

Alpha Highly
Ionising
Least
penetration  4xProton +2 Yes Yes

Beta Ionising Penetrating Mass of -1 Yes Yes

 proton/184
0

Gamma Least Most 0 0 No No

ionising penetrating 
ISOTOPES
These are atoms of the same elements, with the same number of
protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons.
Example: 1-Hydrogen, 2-Hydrogen, 3-Hydrogen
They have the same reactivity as the number of electrons in the
outermost shells are the same.
They have a different mass/nucleon number, due to a different
number of neutrons.