Organic chemistry

Enzymes and it's

Classifications

By. PRIYAM SHARMA To.

ARSHAN KHAN Dr. NEETU BHATNAGAR
CONTENT...
1ENZYMES

CLASSIFICATION

PROPERTIES
Factors affecting
Activity of
ENZYMES
ENZYMES.....!!!!

Enzymes can be defined as the reaction

catalyst of biological system produced by living
cell and are capable of catalyzing chemical
reaction.
Classification of enzyme Enzymes are classified in 6 types...!!

Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerases
Ligases
 1. Oxidoreductases
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These enzymes catalyze

oxidation-reduction reaction.
Common example are
oxidase, dehydrogenase and
peroxydase. These are very
important enzymes. Their
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2. Transferases

These enzymes bring about an

exchange of functional group
such as phosphate or acyl
between two compounds.
Hydrolases

These enzymes catalyze

hydrolysis. They include
proteases called protolytic
enzymes.
This catalyze the water, and
changes the concentration of
water. It makes the water
acidic or basic.
4. Lyases

These enzymes catalyze the addition of ammonia, water or

carbon dioxide.
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these to form double
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5. Isomerases

These enzymes catalyze the transfer of

group within molecules to yield isomeric
forms of the substrate.

There main function is to transfer a

group in in the molecules.
6. Ligases

These enzymes link two

molecules together through
the breaking of high energy
bonds.
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Properties of enzymes.....!!!!

1. Specificity
2. Protein nature
3. The direction of enzyme
4. reactions
5. Isoenzymes
Specificity

Enzymes are specific in their action which means that

an enzymes will act on only one substrate or group of
closely related substrate.
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Protien nature...!!!

Enzymes with few exceptions are protein in 95%

nature. They are produced by living cells but
60% act in vivo as well as in vitro.
Vivo means, chemical reaction occur within living organism. Vitro
means. Chemical reaction occur outside the living organism.

50%
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The Direction of Enzymes Reaction

Most enzymatic reactions are

reversible. For example, the
same enzymes can catalyze
reactions in both directions.
 Isoenzymes

These are the enzymes from the same organism which catalyze the
same reaction, but are chemically and physically distinct form each
other
Factor Affecting Enzymes Activity

1. Enzymes concentration
2. Temperature
3. Effect of pH
4. Other substances
5. Radiation
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Enzyme Concentration

The rate of an enzymatic reaction is directly proportional to

the concentration of the substrate.
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It means that the rate of reaction also increases with the

increasing concentration of enzyme.
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Temperature

The enzymatic reaction occur best at or around 37

degree Celsius which is the average normal body
temperature.

The rate chemical reaction is increased by a rise in

temperature but this is true only over a limited
range of temperature.
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Effect of pH

Just like the temperature, there is also an pH at

which an enzyme will catalyze the reaction at the
maximum rate.

The enzyme cannot start its function beyond the range of its
pH value.
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Radiation

Generally enzymes are readily inactivated by

exposure to high intensity radiations

Example are ultraviolet light, beta rays, gamma rays and

X-rays. Although, they are invisible, but they are very
intensive.
 Importance of Enzymes

Enzymes are of great biological importance

and are of great help in the diagnosis of
2014 certain disease.
2015 2016 2017

Many enzymes are used for cancer

treatment
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