05/04/2021

FIRE
DETECTION
AND ALARM
SYSTEM • Jamora • Laureta • Marcelino • M a r q1 u e z
 FIRE DETECTION
AND
ALARM SYSTEM
has a number of devices
working together to detect and
warn people through visual and
audio appliances when smoke, fire
and carbon monoxide are present
 Insert Image

• Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm

System is the core system in almost
all commercial, and a high
percentage of multi-density
residential sites
• designed to discover fires early in
their development and usually
transmit a signal to alarm the
occupants and the owner

3
  they consist of a series of sensors and
interconnected monitoring equipment that
detects the effects of a fire and activates
connected systems and functions. This
includes:

• Building occupant warning systems

(BOWS)
• Sound Systems for Emergency
Purposes (SSEP)
• Building Management Systems
(BMS)
• Alarm Signaling Equipment (ASE)
• Mechanical Ventilation Systems
(HVAC)
DEFINITION 4
HISTOR
Y
Caesar Augustus created the Corps of
6 AD Vigiles, an organization of men tasked
with patrolling the streets with
buckets filled with water.

New York’s finest deployed men to walk around the 1658

streets looking for fires, with buckets on ladders and
ringing bells to warn the community.

HISTORY
 Fire alarms became a little more
1800s
advanced with the placement of bell
towers around cities to warn off people of
a fire.

Fire alarm progressed. Using the telegraph

system, two alarm boxes with a telegraphic 1837
key were used to report neighborhood fires.

HISTORY
 Dr. William Channing spearheaded the
1852
first city-wide fire alarm system in
Boston, Massachusetts. 

Great Chicago Fire killed hundreds and

devastated the city’s infrastructure, 1871
underscoring the need for buildings to be
built to a certain standard to prevent fire
outbreak and spreading.

HISTORY
 Electric fire alarm system was invented. First time
late
that a thermostat could detect heat and trigger the
1800s sprinkler system to displace a fire.  Birth of fire
protection services.

Saw the invention of other detection

devices—the smoke detector and carbon 20th
monoxide detector—that would
eventually comprise essential components Century
of modern fire alarm systems. 

HISTORY
COMPONENT
S
 Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
 Fire Alarm Notification Devices
 Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
 Backup Power Supply
 Remote Control and Display Panels

COMPONENTS 9
“ FIRE
ALARM
INITIATING
10
 FIRE ALARM
INITIATING DEVICES
 are designed to discover fires early in
their development when time will still
be available for the safe evacuation of
occupants.

 core of a fire alarm system are the

detection devices, from sophisticated
intelligent smoke detectors to simple
manually operated break glass units.
 Insert Image

 FIRE ALARM
INITIATING
DEVICES
whether manual or automatic,
these devices inform the safety
system that an incident is
underway so that emergency
personnel can be alerted and
safeguards can initiate.

INITIATIN 12
G
 HISTOR
Y
In 1902, George Andrew
Darby invented the first
smoke detector in
Birmingham, England.

https://youtu.be/M5ViHlIKljs
 AUTOMATI
MANUAL C
initiators initiators

Smoke Detector

Pull Station Heat

Detector

Alarm Button CO Detector

DEVICES 14
 HEAT DETECTORS
 can either work on a fixed
temperature basis, where it
will trigger an alarm if the
temperature exceeds a pre-
set value or they can work on
the rate of change in
temperature.
 SMOKE DETECTORS
Insert Image

“
 It is a device that senses smoke, typically as an
indicator of fire.
.
 Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and deter,
people smoking in areas where smoking is banned.

 The risk of dying in a home fire is cut in half in homes

with working smoke alarms.

TYPES 16
 Carbon Monoxide
Detectors
 CO fire detectors are electronic
detectors used to indicate the outbreak
of fire by sensing the level of carbon
monoxide in the air.
 CO detectors have an electrochemical
cell, which senses carbon monoxide,
but not smoke or any other
combustion products.
 PULL STATION
It is an active fire protection device, usually wall-
mounted, that, when activated, initiates an alarm
on a fire alarm system. In its simplest form, the
user activates the alarm by pulling the handle
ALARM down.

BUTTON
It is an active fire protection device, usually wall-
mounted, that, when activated, initiates an alarm on a
fire alarm system. 
 LIMITATIONS
 Particles of combustion or “smoke” from a developing fire may not

“
reach the sensing chambers of the smoke detector

 The amount of “smoke” present may be insufficient to alarm smoke

detectors.

 Smoke detectors are subject to false alarms and

nuisance alarms.

LIMITS 19
Insert Image

“FIRE ALARM
NOTIFICATIO
N DEVICES
20
FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION
DEVICES
 these components inform people
when all is well, when an event is
underway, and when a
maintenance issue is detected.
 if the alarm is triggered,
sounders will operate to warn
people in the building that there
may be a fire and to evacuate
  it may also incorporate a remote signal
system which could then alert the fire
brigade via a central station
 these sophisticated systems use a
network of devices, appliances, and
control panels to carry out these four
functions

NOTIFICATION 22
 HISTOR
Y
• In 1852, he spearheaded the
first city-wide fire alarm
system in Boston,
Massachusetts.
• When a fire alarm was
received, the central station
would ring the bell tower and
give responders the specific
neighborhood the signal
Dr. William Channing originated from
 AUDIO
DEVICES

HORN
VOICE
EVACUATION
SYSTEMS
BELL
COMPONENTS 24
 VISUAL
DEVICES

https://youtu.be/TLN_JcCkQVU
COMPONENTS 25
 3 STATES OF FIRE ALARM
NOTIFICATION DEVICES

 NORMAL STATE
When all devices, appliances, wiring, and circuitry are
operating correctly, and no alarms are activated.

26
 ALARM STATE
When an initiating device is activated, the system goes into an Alarm State.
The indicating appliances will sound, alerting building occupants to the danger,
and the alphanumeric display on the control panel will indicate from which
zone of the building(s) the alarm is originating from so that emergency
personnel can quickly respond to the correct area.

 TROUBLE STATE
 Should a short or open wiring develop in the circuits connecting the fire alarm
panel and initiating devices, or within the panel’s wiring or zone cards, or if the
system’s phone line connection is not functioning, then the system goes into
Trouble State and is displayed on the control panel.

STATES 27
 LIMITATIONS
 Any warning device may fail to alert people with a disability, deep
sleepers, people who have recently used alcohol or drugs, or people on

“
medication or sleeping pills.

 Strobes can, under certain circumstances, cause seizures in people with

conditions such as epilepsy.

 Warning devices (including horns, sirens, and bells) may not alert people
or wake up sleepers who are located on the other side of closed or
partially open doors
 In rare instances, the sounding of a warning device can cause temporary
or permanent hearing loss.

LIMITS 28
  FIRE ALARM
CONTROL PANEL

“ is the central brain which monitors and

manages all of the initiating devices and sends
signals to indicating devices if an issue is
detected.

it typically contains standard branch-circuit

writing and replaceable circuit cards.

FACP 29
 BACKUP POWER
SUPPLY
In addition to the direct wiring into
the building’s power supply, there are
typically UL Listed emergency
batteries in sealed units to prevent a
disruption of fire protection in the
event of a power outage.
They usually are connected to the
FACP to charge and monitor them.

BPS
  REMOTE CONTROL
AND DISPLAY
PANELS
These devices allow the system status to be
checked, the alarms to be initiated or silenced,
or various safety components to be activated or
deactivated throughout a building or even in
remote locations.
These are typically reserved for larger
systems installed in high-rise buildings and
where local code dictates that the fire alarm
system be able to be controlled in remote
locations other than the main FACP.

RCDP 31
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FDAS
– Conventional
– Addressable
– Intelligent
– Wireless

TYPES
  CONVENTIONA
L
“ In a Conventional, physical
cabling is used to
interconnect several call
points and detectors, the
signals from which are wired
back to the main control
unit.

DEVICES 33
The detection principle of an
Addressable System is the
same as a Conventional
System, except that each

“
detector is given a set Address
(usually by means of a dip-
switch) and the Control Panel
can then determine exactly
which detector or call point
has initiated the alarm.
 ADDRESSAB
LE
DEVICES 34
 In Intelligent system, each
detector effectively
incorporates its own computer

“ which evaluates
environment around it and
communicates to the Control
the

Panel whether there is a fire,

fault or the detector head

 INTELLIGE
needs cleaning.

NT
DEVICES 35
 These are an effective
alternative to traditional wired
fire alarm systems for all
applications.

communications
interconnect the sensors and
“
They utilize secure, license-free
radio to

devices with the controllers.

It is a simple concept, which
provides many unique benefits
and is a full intelligent fire
detection system without the need  WIRELESS
for cabling.

DEVICES 36
 BENEFITS OF FDAS
 Avoid Smoke Inhalation
 Early Fire Detection
 Discounts on Insurance
 Decreased Risk of Fire Damage

BENEFIT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVjyDgFrb2g
37
S
  AVOID SMOKE INHALATION
  Smoke inhalation is the leading cause of death related to fires;
more so than heat or flames. A smoke is a mixture of particles,
chemicals, and gases that causes everything from skin and
mucous membrane irritation to swelling, respiratory distress,
and airway collapse.

 EARLY FIRE
DETECTION
 An audible or visual signal enables you to seek safety soon
  after the fire starts. Early detection can enable you to avoid
serious damage or destruction, so it is of extreme
importance.

BENEFITS 38
  DISCOUNTS ON INSURANCE
When you install fire alarms, you can save money on
home. Installing a fire alarm system shows you are taking
responsibility and are prepared for unexpected events.

 DECREASED RISK OF FIRE DAMAGE

Property damage can require large invest-
ments and a great deal of time to repair. This

“ level of prevention is possible because a fire

alarm system can enable firefighters to respond and put out
the fire before it gets out of control.
BENEFI 39
TS
Insert Image

“
LIMITATIO
NS
OF FDAS 40
 LIMITATIONS
 Telephone lines needed to transmit alarm signals from a premises to a
central station may be out of service or temporarily out of service.

 System components, though designed to last many years, can fail at any
time.

 System components will not work without electrical power. If system

batteries are not serviced or replaced regularly, they may not provide
battery backup when AC power fails.

 Environments with high air velocity or that are dusty or dirty, require
more frequent maintenance.

LIMITATION
41
S
Insert Image

“
REQUIREMENTS
AND
RECOMMENDATION
S 42
 An automatic fire detection and alarm system shall be provided for any
hotel or dormitory having accommodations for fifteen (15) or more guests.
For less than 15 guests, a manual fire alarm system shall be installed.

 Every sounding device shall be of such character and so located as to arouse

all occupants of the building or section thereof endangered by fire.
Insert Image

 An alarm-sending station and manual fire alarm box

shall be provided at the hotel desk or other convenient
central control point under continuous supervision of res-
ponsible employees.

RECOS 43
Insert Image

 Suitable facilities shall be provided for immediate notification

of the BFP.

 Positive fire alarm sequence may be permitted.

 Hotels and dormitories including its guest rooms and guests

suites shall be required to be equipped with both
audible and visible notification appliance.

 In hotels and dormitories not equipped with automatic fire detection and
alarm system, guest rooms, living area and sleeping rooms within a guest suite
shall be installed with single-station smoke detectors.

REQS 44
  For residential applications, smoke detectors shall be
installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the
immediate vicinity of the bedrooms and on each
additional story of the family living unit, including
basements and excluding crawl spaces and unfinished
attics.

 It is recommended that there shall never be less than two smoke detectors per
apartment or residence

 It is recommended that more than one smoke detector shall be installed in a

hallway if it is more than 30 feet long

RECOS 45
 Insert Image

 All fire alarm systems require notification devices,

including sirens, bells, horns, and/or strobes.

 It is recommended that a smoke detector with an integral

sounder (smoke alarm) be located in every bedroom and an
additional notification device be located on each level of a
residence.

 Although designed for long life, fire alarm devices including smoke detectors

“
may fail at any time. It is recommended that residential smoke detectors shall
be replaced every 10 years.

REQS 46
 The most common cause of an alarm system not functioning when a fire
occurs is inadequate maintenance. As such, the alarm system should be
tested weekly to make sure all sensors and transmitters are working
properly.

 To keep your fire alarm system in excellent working order, on- going
maintenance is required per the manufacturer’s recommendations

Click icon to add picture

 Any smoke detector, fire alarm system or any

component of that system which fails shall be repaired
or replaced immediately.
SECTION 10.2.12.4 APARTMENT
BUILDINGS
"a. Every apartment building of four (4) storeys or more in height, or
more than twelve (12) apartment units shall have an automatic fire
detection and alarm system in accordance with Section 10.2.6.4 of this
IRR, except buildings provided with approved, supervised sprinkler
protection in accordance with
Section 10.2.6.5 of this IRR. Click icon to add picture

"b. Apartment buildings of not more than three (3) storeys

in height shall be provided with manual
fire alarm system, provided that dwelling units
shall be installed with single-station or multi-
Station smoke detectors."

CODE
 FIRE
EVACUATION
PLAN

https://youtu.be/dZdpNThfNcg
PLAN 49
 Gigaworkz Technologies Inc is a trusted provider and supplier as an IT enterprise with
more suitable solutions to Fire Detection and Alarm System
(FDAS) in the Philippines.
Gigaworkz Technologies Inc, supplier and distributor of Fire Detection Alarm Systems
which are designed for security solutions against emergency fires and flames.
Includes categories of devices such as fire detection systems, fireman telephone systems
with audio for voice evacuation purposes or command center control panels, extinguisher
and clean agent fire suppression, smoke detector tester and fire pump & cabinets.
These world class products from trusted leading brands will help to detect, prevent
and protect ourselves and properties that provides excellence and high quality fire safety
solutions.

50
 REFERENCES
Insert Image https://www.allaussiefire.com.au/os_services/fire-detection-alarm-syste
m/#:~:text=FIRE%20DETECTION%20AND%20ALARM%20SYSTE
M%20%28FIP%29%20An%20%E2%80%9CAutomatic,a%20fire%2

“
0and%20activates%20connected%20systems%20and%20functions
.
https://www.ryanfp.com/fire-alarm-system-history-technology/#:~:text=
By%20the%20late%201800s%2C%20the%20electric%20fire%20alar
m,did%20the%20technology%20of%20the%20fire%20alarm%20syst
em
.
https://www.nttinc.com/blog/basic-components-fire-detection-alarm-sys
tem/

https://www.boydsecurity.com/fire-alarm-systems-major-benefits-and-a
dvantages/
https://blog.koorsen.com/how-does-a-fire-alarm-system-work
https://www.wsfp.com/blog/what-are-the-basic-components-of-fire-alar
m-detection-systems/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_detector
http://www.firealarm.ph/about-us/ https://youtu.be/M5ViHlIKljs

REFS 51