RELATIONS-01

WHAT IS RELATIONS?

It is the set of ordered pairs from a SET A to a SET B such that a(element of A) belongs to A and b(element of
b) belongs to B
 
=>aRb
Let R be a relation from A->B
A={1,2,3,4,5,6}
Such that R={(a,b):a=b+1, a,b ∈ A}
R={(2,1),(3,2),(4,3),(5,4),(6,5)}
WHAT IS DOMAIN?
Its is set of values of set A  
If R={(2,1),(3,2),(4,3),(5,4),(6,5)}
Domain={2,3,4,5,6}
WHAT IS RANGE?
Its is set of values of set B
If R={(2,1),(3,2),(4,3),(5,4),(6,5)}
Range={1,2,3,4,5}
 
 
 
1.REFLEXIVE
If every elements in set A is related to itself then it is called reflexive relations
=>(a,a)∈R where aRa
Ex:-A={1,2,3,4,5,6}
R1={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}
R1 is reflexive
R2={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5)}
 
R2 is not reflexive
 
2.SYMMETRIC
If element of set A (say "a")is related to another element of set A(say "b") and vice versa then
The relations is said to be symmetric.
=>if (a,b)∈R AND (b,a)∈R so set is said to be symmetric
Ex:-A={1,2,3,4,5,6}
R1={(1,2),(2,1)}
R1 is symmetric
R2={(1,2),(2,1),(3,1)}
R2 is not symmetric.
 
 
3.TRANSITIVE
If a element of set A(say "a") is related to another element of set A(say "b") and
the element ("b") is related to another element of set A(say "c")
And if element a is related to c then it is called transitive.
=>if (a,b)∈R and (b,c)∈R and if (a,c)∈R then it is said to be transitive.
NOTE:-if (a,b)∈R and (b,c)∉ R then it is transitive.
Ex:-A={1,2,3,4,5,6}
R1={(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}
R1 is transitive
R2={(1,2)}
R2 is transitive.
Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive:
(i) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3,…………..,14} defined as

R = {(x, y): 3x − y = 0}

(ii) Relation R in the set N of natural numbers defined as

R = {(x, y): y = x + 5 and x < 4}

(iii) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as

R = {(x, y): y is divisible by x}

(iv) Relation R in the set Z of all integers defined as

R = {(x, y): x − y is as integer}

(v) Relation R in the set A of human beings in a town at a particular time given by

(a) R = {(x, y): x and y work at the same place}

(b) R = {(x, y): x and y live in the same locality}

(c) R = {(x, y): x is exactly 7 cm taller than y}

(d) R = {(x, y): x is wife of y}

 
WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
A relation from A to B i.e a subset of A x B is called a function from A to B, if a∈A there exists b∈B
f(x)=2+3
f(1)=2+3
f(1)=5
 

GRAPH OF FUNCTION
 
The the graph of real function exists if a vertical line intersect it at only one point.
 
Examples:-

              
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
CONSTANT FUNCTION
If k is a fixed real number ,then a function f(x) given by f(x)=k
For all x ∈ R is called a constant function

Domain=R
Range=R

Example:-

Y=5

F(x)=5
Þ y=5
MODULUS FUNCTION
 The function f(x) is defined by

F(x)= |x|= x ,when x ≥ 0

-x ,when x<0
Is called a modulus function.
It is also called absolute valued function.

Domain=R
Range=
 GREATEST INTEGER
FUNCTION
For any real number x ,we use symbol [x] to denote greatest integer
function.

Examples:-
[2.75]=2 , [3]=3 , [0.74]=0 , [-7.34]=-8

Domain=R
Range=Z
 SIGNUM
FUNCTION
 The function f defined by

F(x)= ,x≠0 f(x)= { 1 , x>0

0 , x=0 { 0 , x=0
{ -1 , x<0
is called a signum function.

Domain=R
Range={-1,0,1}
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
 If a>0 a≠0 , then the function is defined by f(x)=, x>0 is called a logarithmic
function.

Domain=
Range=R

LOGARITHMIC PROPERTIES
 Logs
properties