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Community Ecology & Species Interaction: ZGE 4301-Environmental Sciences Dept of Biological Sciences UE - Manila
Community Ecology & Species Interaction: ZGE 4301-Environmental Sciences Dept of Biological Sciences UE - Manila
INTERACTION
Ecological Niche
• the functional role of the species in a community
• Species richness
▫ refers to the number of species in a
community
• Species abundance
▫ abundance relative to other species in a
community
• Species diversity
▫ Species richness and relative abundance
Species Richness
Species Interaction
Type of Interaction Species 1 & 2 Nature of interaction
Neither population
Neutralism 0,0 affects the other
Direct or indirect
Competition -- , -- inhibition of each
species by the other
One population is
Amensalism -- , 0 inhibited, the other is not
affected
One population is
Commensalism +,0 benefited, the other is
not affected
Neutralism
• the shag
(Phalacrocovax
aristotelis) and
cormorant
(P. carbo)
Amensalism
• one population is inhibited, the other one is
not affected
Chthamalus in
upper intertidal zone
Balanus in lower
intertidal zone
Competition Impacts
• Resource Partitioning
Commensalism
Species Interaction
Type of Interaction Species 1 & 2 Nature of interaction
The interaction is
Parasitism +,- beneficial to one and
detrimental to another
The interaction is
Predation +,- beneficial to one and
detrimental to another
Interaction is favorable
Protocooperation +,+ to both but not
obligatory
Both populations benefit
Mutualism +,+ from the interaction;
obligatory
Parasitism
Parasitism
can control the
behavior of one
or more hosts
affects
reproduction
and survival
Predation