MODULE 5

ACIDS, BASES
  The pH and pOH Scales- Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity

Key points

pH + pOH = 14
The relation between the hydronium
and hydroxide ion concentrations
expressed as p-functions is easily
derived from the Kw expression:
 How to Write Ionization Equation for Strong Acid

HCl (aq)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

proton donor: proton acceptor: H2O gained H, conjugate base

it lost hydrogen;acid base’ and it turns to conjugate acid
Example:
HSO3-
CA: H2SO3
Conjugate acid: H3PO4 CB:SO3 -2
H2PO4 – Add hydrogen, the charge will increase by one  
NH3
Conjugate base: HPO4-2 CA: NH41
Remove hydrogen, decrease the charge by one CB: NH2-
Example
1.  What is the pH of the solution if the [H3O+] concentration is 2.5 x 10 -4 M?
  pH = -log [H3O+]

= -log(2.5 x 10 -4)
pH = 3.6
3. If the pOH is 3.8. What is the [OH-] concentration?
   
pOH = -log [OH-]
-pOH = log10 [OH-]
2. The pOH of the solution is 4.5. calculate the pH of the
solution. [OH-] = 10 -pH
= 10 -3.8
[OH-] = 1.58x10-4 M
pH + pOH = 14
pH= 14-pOH
pH = 9.5
basic solution
pH> 7
 
 The Acid Ionization Constant, K a

The ionization for a general weak acid, HA, can be written

as follows:

Because the acid is weak, an equilibrium expression can

be written. An acid ionization constant (Ka) is the
equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid.
 Strong and Weak Bases and Base Ionization
Constant, K b

A strong base is a base, which ionizes completely in an

aqueous solution.  

A weak base is a base that ionizes only slightly in an aqueous

solution. 
The operator p means "take the negative
logarithm of".
Example
If the Ka of an acid is 1.8 x10 -5. Calculate the pka and pkb values of the acid.

Pka = -log Ka pka + pkb = 14

=-log [1.8 x 10 -5] pkb = 14- pka
pka=4.745 pkb= 9.255
How to Calculate the Ka & Kb from pH and Molarity Concentration

The pH of 0.5 M HA (weak acid) is 3.21. What is the Ka of the acid?

HA + H2O H3O+ + A- [H3O+] = 6.166 x10 -4 M = X

I 0.5 l 0 0  Ka =

C -X l X X
=
 

E 0.5 – X l X X
= 7.61 x 10 -7
  𝒙2
Ka = ¿
   =
0.5 − 𝒙

[H3O +] = 10 -pH
= 10 3.21