COMMUNICATION

“The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn’t being

said.”-Peter Drucker
Communication

 Definition:
 Communication is a Latin word which means ‘to share’.
It is the sharing of information between different
individuals. It includes the sharing of ideas, concepts,
imaginations, behaviors and written content.
Communication is simply defined as the transfer of
information from one place to another. This transfer of
information can be conducted in different ways.
Process of Communication:

There are three elements necessary to conduct a

communication i.e. the sender, a medium (the platform
over which information is conducted) and a recipient. The
sender is the most involved person with a full
understanding of that matter which he wants to deliver.
On the other hand, the receiver does not necessarily know
about the sender and the subject of information which the
sender aims to deliver.
 Types Of Communication
Verbal
• Definition: It is the process of
exchanging information or expressing
emotions or thoughts between two
or more people through words,
written or spoken.
• Examples: It involves face-to-face
conversations, speech, via email,
letter etc.
• It can be of two types:
– Oral
– Written  
Non-Verbal
• Definition: It is the process of
interaction between two or more
people through the use of visual
or non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, gestures,without speaking.
• Examples: It involves body movement
and posture, eye contact, touch etc
• It can be of 8 types:
– Haptics
– Kinesics
– Proxemics
– Artifacts environmental
– chronemics
– Silence/sign
– vocalic/Paralanguage
 Verbal Communication
• Oral :Transmission of messages or information through spoken
words. Eg. – Interviews, radio
• Written: involves any type of interaction that makes use of
the written word. Eg. Via Memo, certificates etc

Non-Verbal Communication
• Haptics: The study interaction by touch which include handshakes,
holding hands, etc.
• Kinesics :The study of the way in which certain body languages serve
as a form of non-verbal communication like facial expressions, eye
gaze, postures, head movements
• Proxemics: The theory that explains how people perceive and use
space to achieve communication goals. 
• Artifacts environmental factors:  Artifacts and environment  that can
provide some form of stimulus to the communicators.
• Chronemics: The study of the use of time in communication
• Silence/sign: The absence of speech helps communication thus leading
to using signs.
• vocalic/Paralanguage:Communication using your tone, pitch or
manner of speaking. 
 CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
 Face-to-Face or Personal Communication
Face-to-face or personal communication is one of the richest channels of
communication that can be used within an organization. . This is the best channel
to use for complex or emotionally charged messages, because it allows for
interaction between speaker and recipients to clarify am
 Broadcast Media Communications
TV, radio and loud speakers all fall within the broadcast media communication
channel. When a message intended for a mass audience can be enhanced by being
presented in a visual or auditory format, a broadcast channel should be used.
 Mobile Communications Channels
 A mobile communication channel should be used when a private or more
complex message needs to be relayed to an individual or small group A mobile
channel allows for an interactive exchange and gives the recipient the added
benefit of interpreting the speaker's tone along with the message
 Electronic Communications Channels
Electronic communication channels encompass email, Internet, intranet and social
media platforms.This channel can be used for one-on-one, group or mass
communication.
 Written Methods of Communication
 Written communication should be used when a message that does not require
interaction needs to be communicated to an employee or group.Recipients may
follow up through an electronic or face-to-face channel if questions arise about
a written message.
Barriers to Effective Communication

Effective Communication is not always straightforward and

barriers can easily get in the way.
 Linguistic Barriers
 Socio-Psychological Barriers
 Cultural Differences
 Differences in Perception and Viewpoint
 Jargons and acronyms
 Technological Barriers
Ways to Overcome these Barriers

 Clarify Ideas before Communication

 Communicate According to the need of the receiver
 Be Considerate
 Be aware of Language and Content of Message
 Be a Good Listener
 Use technology which is easy to acquire and use
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 “Intra” means inside or within.
 Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single person, often for
the purpose of clarifying ideas or analyzing a situation. It is also undertaken
in order to reflect upon or appreciate something.
 Aspects of intrapersonal communication are self-concept, perception and
expectation.
 Intrapersonal communication may involve different levels of communication
activity: internal discourse, solo vocal communication, and solo written
communication.
 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• The communication between
two or more people to exchange
information, ideas, and
experiences is known as
Interpersonal communication.
• Interpersonal communication
involves not only verbal but also
various elements of nonverbal
communication.
• Interpersonal communication is
relational in nature.
• Interpersonal communication
involves interdependent people. fig. The process of interpersonal
communication
LSRW
CRITICAL THINKING

 Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and

rationally, understanding the logical connection between
ideas. 
 Critical thinking breeds clarity of thought.
 Critical thinking enables us to think beyond the barriers
of our own biases.
 It allows active listening.
Critical Thinking Activities