Communication Skills

Lecture# 3
Instructor: Sadia Kanwal
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION HAS TWO TYPES:

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbal Communication

It takes place in the form of words either written

or spoken.
The main reasons for communicating orally are:
 To have a discussion
 To receive instant feedback from your
audience
 To be able to judge your audience reaction
 Fastest speed
Verbal Communication

The main reasons for communicating in writing are:

 To retain a permanent record
 To provide a basis for discussion
 To clarify a complex subject
 To send the same message to a number of people
 To be able to think carefully about what you want
to say.
 Oral Forms
 Face to face conversations
 Telephonic conversation
 Meetings
 Seminars
 Instructions
 Presentations
 Group discussions
 Interviews, video and voice conferences
 Witten Forms
• Memos
• Letters
• E-mails
• Faxes
• Notices
• Newsletters
• Reports
• Research proposals and manuals
 Non- Verbal Communication

It is communication of feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts

through body movements/gestures/eye contact.
The components of non- verbal communication are:

 Kinesics (Facial expressions, postures and gestures)

 Oculesics(Role of eye contact, eye behaviour, gaze)

 Haptics (Handshakes, holding hands, high five, shoulder pat, back

slap)Each of these give off nonverbal messages as to the touching
person’s feelings.
 Non- Verbal Communication

 Proximics: A theory of nonverbal communication

that explains how people perceive and use space to
achieve communication goals. It is the study of space
and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less
comfortable, and how we arrange objects and
ourselves in relation to space.
 1. Intimate space 3 Personal space
 2. Social space 4. Public space
FOUR ZONES IN SOCIAL SITUATION
 Chronemics: It is the study of the use of time in
nonverbal communication. Time perceptions include
punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. The
use of time can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed
of speech, movements and how long people are willing
to listen.
 Paralinguistics: It is the study of variations in pitch,
speed, volume, and pauses to convey meaning.
Interestingly, when the speaker is making a presentation
and is looking for a response, he will pause. However,
when no response is desired, he will speak faster with
minimal pauses.
 Physical Appearance: Your physical appearance always
contributes towards how people perceive you. Neatly
combed hair, ironed clothes, and a lively smile will
always carry more weight than words.
Task#1 Find the difference between General
communication and Technical communication
 Secondary Levels of Communication

Human communication also takes place at various secondary

levels:
 Extra-personal
 Personal/Intra-personal communication
 Interpersonal Communication
 Organizational Communication
 Mass Communication
 Social Communication
 Group Communication
 Extra-Personal Communication

 Communication between human beings and non-

human entities is called as extra personal
communication. For e.g., your parrot responding your
greeting. In this type of communication understanding
is required between sender and receiver. Receiver
responds in sign language .
Intrapersonal Communication

 This takes place within the individual. Sender = our relevant

organ.
 Receiver = our brain. (Through process of thinking and
feeling)
 Feed back by brain.
 Communication at this level refers to the sharing of
information among people. It can be formal or informal. For
e.g., the interaction with family members, friends and
different kind of people. It depends upon variety of factors
like, psychology of two parties, relation between them.
 Interpersonal Communication

It is an interaction between two persons, a small

group or on one-to-one basis. The advantage of
interacting with fewer people makes it possible for
people to open-up and discuss matter to one
another conveniences.
Staff meetings, briefings about work to be carried
out, feedback, and customer relations are examples
of this type of communication.
 Organizational Communication

Communication in an organization takes place at different

hierarchical levels.
It can be divided into mainly two levels:
 Internal Operational
All communication that occurs in organization is classified as
internal operational...
 External Operational
Work related communication with people outside the organization is
called extra operational.
 Personal :All communication in an organization without purpose is
called personal communication.
 Mass communication

Communication through mass media like books, journals, TV, newspapers etc.
For this kind of communication, we require a mediator to transmit
information.
 Characteristics
 Large reach
This communication reach audience scattered over a wide geographical area.
 Impersonality
Largely impersonal as the participants are unknown to each other.
 Presence of a gatekeeper: Mass communication needs additional persons,
institutions to convey message from sender to receiver .
Social Communication

Social communication occurs when people interact

with one another in groups outside the organization,
converse and share ideas in social gatherings and
generally exchange pleasantries
Group Communication
Group communication occurs when meetings are
held for face- to-face discussions on issues that
affect the working lives of employees. The group
works towards common goals and follows the
norms that govern its functioning.
 Communication Principles & Barriers

Task:4
 What are 7 Cs of effective communication?
 What are the barriers to communication?
 Design at least five well-structured questions of
your choice to ask from your fellows.
7 Cs of Communication

 Completeness
 Conciseness
 Consideration
 Correctness
 Clarity
 Courtesy
 Concreteness
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS NOISE?
CLASSIFICATION OF BARRIERS
 Intrapersonal Barriers
 Interpersonal Barriers
 Organizational Barriers
Intrapersonal Barriers

 Wrong assumptions(SOS)
 Varied perceptions
 Differing background
 Wrong inferences
 Impervious/ unreceptive Categories
 Categorical Thinking Pansophists
Interpersonal Barriers

 Limited Vocabulary
 Incongruity/absurdity of verbal and non-verbal
messages
 Emotional outburst
 Communication Selectivity
 Cultural Variations
 Poor Listening Skills
 Noise in the channel
Organizational Barriers

 Too many transfer stations

 Fear of superiors
 Negative Tendencies
 Use of inappropriate Media
 Information overload
Conclusion