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PID: Proportional-Integral-Derivative
FOPDT: First-order Plus Dead-Time Process
FODIP: First-Order Delayed Integrating Process
FODUP: First-Order Delayed Unstable Process
SOPDT: Second-Order Plus Dead-Time Process
SODUP: Second-Order Delayed Unstable Process
IAE: Integral Absolute Error
Ms: Maximum Sensitivity
TV: Total Variation
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (SAMPLE, Copyright: do not copy)
Acknowledgements
There are no proper words to convey my deep gratitude and respect for my thesis and
research advisor, Professor ….. He has inspired me and helped me realize the power of
critical reasoning. He also demonstrated what a brilliant and hard-working scientist can
accomplish.
My sincere thanks must also go to the members of my thesis advisory and exam committee.
They generously gave their time to offer me valuable
comments toward improving my work.
There is no way to express how much it meant to me to have been a member of ………
Laboratory. These brilliant friends inspired me over the many years.
The administrative staffs in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering are memorable not only
for their prompt support but also for kind care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (SAMPLE)
Special thanks must go to Professor …….. at the UTE. He taught me the ……………and
encouraged me to pursue my interests in ………...
I cannot forget friends who went through hard times together, cheered me on, and celebrated
each accomplishment.
I deeply thank my parents for their unconditional trust, timely encouragement, and endless
patience. It was their love that
raised me up again when I got weary.
ABTRACT
HOW TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT: Tips and Samples
Abstract
The interactions between input/output variables are a common phenomenon and the main
obstacle encountered in the design of multi-loop controllers for interacting multivariable
processes. In this study, a novel method for the independent design of multi-loop PI/PID
controllers is proposed. The idea of an effective open-loop transfer function (EOTF) is
first introduced to decompose a multi-loop control system into a set of equivalent
independent single loops. Using a model reduction technique, the EOTF is further
approximated to the reduced-order form. Based on the corresponding EOTF model, the
individual controller of each single loop is then independently designed by applying the
internal model control (IMC)-based PID tuning approach for single-input/single-output
(SISO) systems, while the main effects of the dynamic interactions are properly taken into
account. Several illustrative examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed method. The multi-loop PID controller designed by the proposed method
shows a fast, well-balanced, and robust response with the minimum integral absolute error
(IAE).
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