Communit

y
Health
 COMMUNITY HEALTH

a field of public health, is a discipline

which concerns itself with the study and
improvement of the health
characteristics of biological
communities.
 DRUGS
• THE USE AND MISUSE,
AND ABUSE OF DRUGS
 
DRUG- is any substance
that causes a physical or
emotional change in a person.
 REASONS FOR DRUG USE
• Medical purposes
• Recreational/social facilitation
• Sensation seeking
• Religious or spiritual factors
• Altered states
• Rebellion and alienation
• Peer pressure and group entry
• Curiosity
Categories of drugs:
1. HERBAL DRUGS- herbal
drugs can be classified as
drugs because they have
an effect, though mild, on
the body. Because they
are mild, herbal drugs are
not controlled by law.
 
2. OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS- can be legally
bought without the doctor’s prescription.
• ANALGESIC- are used to relieve pain. Three kinds
are aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen.
• SEDATIVES- are drugs that slows down body
functioning and make you sleepy.
• STIMULANTS- are opposite of sedatives, they
make you more alert. Commonly used stimulant
is caffeine.
3. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS- are
drugs that require a doctor’s
prescription.

• doctor’s written order to a

pharmacist that a patient is
allowed to purchase a drug.
• it includes the drug’s name,
direction for use and amount
of drugs to be used.
 DRUG Classification
• Stimulants-
speed up the
central nervous
system,
producing an
alertness and
excitability.
methamphetamines
• Depressants- slow down the central nervous
system, causing the individual to feel relaxed
• Psychoactive – alter feelings, moods and
perceptions. Marijuana is classified as a
psychoactive drug but exhibit effects similar
to those of stimulants, depressants and
narcotics.

Mescaline Peyote
• Narcotics – powerful
painkillers. Also produces
pleasurable feelings and
induce sleep.

Opium poppy
• Inhalants-
volatile non
drugs that cause
drug like effects
if inhaled.
 Commonly Abused Subtances
• Caffeine
• Alcohol
• Tobacco products
Substance Abuse
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

PSYCHOACTIVE
PERFORAMCE
According to the WHO, it refers to the
SUBSTANCE
ENHANCING
harmfulMEDICINES
or hazardous use of.…
substances.
a drug that can produce mood
DRUGS
changes and distorted perceptions
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Substance abuse, also known as drug

abuse, refers to a maladaptive pattern
of use of a substance (drug) that is not
considered dependent
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Amphetamines: Amphetamines are

stimulants that accelerate functions in the
brain and body. They come in pills or
tablets. Prescription diet pills also fall into
this category of drugs. Overdose of any of
these substances can result in seizure and
death.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Cocaine and Crack

Cocaine is a white crystalline powder made
from the dried leaves of the coca plant.
Crack, named for its crackle when heated,
is made from cocaine. It looks like white or
tan pellets.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Cocaine and Crack

Cocaine is a stimulant that rocks the
central nervous system, giving users a
quick, intense feeling of power and energy.
Snorting highs last between 15 and 30
minutes; smoking highs last between 5 and
10 minutes.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Cough and Cold Medicines (DXM)

Several over-the-counter cough and cold
medicines contain the ingredient
dextromethorphan (also called DXM). If taken in
large quantities, these over-the-counter
medicines can cause hallucinations, loss of
motor control, and "out-of-body" (or
disassociative) sensations.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Cough and Cold Medicines (DXM)

Several over-the-counter cough and cold
medicines contain the ingredient
dextromethorphan (also called DXM). If taken in
large quantities, these over-the-counter
medicines can cause hallucinations, loss of
motor control, and "out-of-body" (or
disassociative) sensations.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Cough and Cold Medicines (DXM)

larger doses can cause fever, confusion,
impaired judgment, blurred vision, dizziness,
……slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure,
headache, …numbness of fingers and toes,
redness of face, …loss of consciousness,
seizures, brain damage, and even death.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Depressants
Depressants, such as tranquilizers and
barbiturates, calm nerves and relax muscles.
Many are legally available by prescription and
are bright-colored capsules or tablets. When
used as prescribed by a doctor and taken at the
correct dosage, depressants can help people
feel calm and reduce angry feelings.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Depressants
Larger doses can cause confusion, slurred
speech, lack of coordination, and tremors.
Very large doses can cause a person to stop
breathing and result in death.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Ecstasy (MDMA)
This is a designer drug created by underground
chemists. It comes in powder, tablet, or capsule
form. Ecstasy is a popular club drug among
teens because it is widely available at raves,
dance clubs, and concerts.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Ecstasy (MDMA)
This drug combines a hallucinogenic with a
stimulant effect, making all emotions, both
negative and positive, much more intense.
Users feel a tingly skin sensation and an
increased heart rate
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Ecstasy (MDMA)
This drug combines a hallucinogenic with a
stimulant effect, making all emotions, both
negative and positive, much more intense.
Users feel a tingly skin sensation and an
increased heart rate. Ecstasy also raises the
temperature of the body. This increase can
sometimes cause organ damage or even death.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

GHB
GHB, which stands for gamma hydroxybutyrate,
is often made in home basement labs, usually in
the form of a liquid with no odor or color. It has
gained popularity at dance clubs and raves and
is a popular alternative to Ecstasy for some
teens and young adults.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

GHB
GHB is a depressant drug that can cause both
euphoric (high) and hallucinogenic effects.
When users come off GHB they may have
withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia and
anxiety
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Heroin
Heroin comes from the dried milk of the opium
poppy, which is also used to create the class of
painkillers called narcotics - medicines like
codeine and morphine. Heroin gives you a burst
of euphoric (high) feelings, especially if it's
injected. This high is often followed by
drowsiness, nausea, stomach cramps, and
vomiting.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

LSD
LSD ,which stands for lysergic acid diethylamide,
is a lab-brewed hallucinogen and mood-
changing chemical. LSD is odorless, colorless,
and tasteless.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

LSD
Hallucinations occur within 30 to 90 minutes of
dropping acid. People say their senses are
intensified and distorted - they see colors or
hear sounds with other delusions such as
melting walls and a loss of any sense of time.
But effects are unpredictable, depending on
how much LSD is taken and the user.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Marijuana
The most widely used illegal drug in the United
States, marijuana resembles green, brown, or
gray dried parsley with stems or seeds.
Marijuana is often called a gateway drug
because frequent use often leads to the use of
stronger drugs.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Marijuana
Marijuana can affect mood and coordination.
Users may experience mood swings that range
from stimulated or happy to drowsy or
depressed. Marijuana also elevates heart rate
and blood pressure. Some people get red eyes
and feel very sleepy or hungry. The drug can
also make some people paranoid or cause them
to hallucinate.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Methamphetamine (Shabu)
It is a powerful stimulant. Users feel a euphoric
rush from methamphetamine, particularly if it is
smoked or shot up. But they can develop
tolerance quickly - and will use more meth for
longer periods of time, resulting in
sleeplessness, paranoia, and hallucinations.
Prolonged use may result in violent, aggressive
behavior, psychosis, and brain damage.
 S U B S T A N C E A B U S E

Methamphetamine
Users feel a euphoric rush from
methamphetamine, particularly if it is smoked
or shot up. But they can develop tolerance
quickly - and will use more meth for longer
periods of time, resulting in sleeplessness,
paranoia, and hallucinations.
TOBACCO PRODUCTS- contains:

• Tar- solid material in tobacco smoke that

condensed into a thick liquid. They are tiny particles
that when they enter the lungs they condense and
form a sticky coating on the bronchial tubes. It
damages the tiny hairs in the tube and so they will
not be able to protect him from getting a serious
respiratory disease
 

• Nicotine- is the psychoactive chemical in tobacco. It

causes a change in a person’s mood and behavior. It
is very addictive. A person who is addicted to
nicotine has trouble functioning without it.
 

• Carbon Monoxide-an extremely dangerous gas

released by burning cigarettes.
 EFFECTS OF NICOTINE
• Nicotine enters the body through inhaled cigarette smoke,
towards the bloodstream and to the brain very quickly. This
causes the release of a hormone known as adrenaline “(fight
or flight” )hormone. Adrenaline increases blood pressure and
heart rate and also restricts the amount of blood flow that’s
capable of reaching the heart.
• An extra amount of glucose is also poured into the blood as a
result of this hormone.
• Insulin is also affected by the presence of nicotine in the
smoking restricts brain.
oxygen flow and • Insulin is the hormone that removes excess sugar from the
causes a narrowing blood. Insulin comes from the pancreas. When nicotine is
of the blood present it inhibits the release of insulin which causes the
vessels in the brain, smoker to have a higher percentage of sugar in his blood than
which can lead to normal. This health condition is known as hyperglycemia.
stroke.
• Having too much sugar in the blood may explain in part why
smokers believe cigarettes quell their hunger. A high level of
sugar in the bloodstream suppresses appetite.
 RISK of “PASSIVE SMOKING”
• Mainstream smoke- passes through the
tobacco and filter when the smokers inhale
• Side stream smoke- rises from the cigarette
during the time the smoker is not inhaling.
• Almost 75% of the smoke that comes from a
burning cigarette is side stream smoke.
 ALCOHOL
• It irritates the throat and esophagus on its way into the
stomach and into the intestine.
• From there alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream going to
all cells and tissues including the brain.
• About 20% of the alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream
through the stomach wall.
• Alcohol remains in the blood stream until it can be
metabolized by the liver.
• When ALCOHOL REACHES THE LIVER, IT BREAKS DOWN INTO
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER. The more a person drinks, the
harder his liver will work to get rid of the alcohol.
 Three phases of addiction to alcohol:
• ABUSE- when a person drinks alcohol he cannot do so in
moderation or at appropriate times.
• DEPENDENT- people in the dependent phase of alcoholism
feel they need the drug to function properly. They have a
very strong and constant desire for alcohol. Alcohol is
beginning to dominate their lives.
• ADDICTION- dependence on alcohol becomes physical or
psychological. Being addicted means putting the drug
before anything else. Sometimes they substitute alcohol
from food which can lead to serious health problems such
as malnutrition.
QUESTIONS
1. Alcohol is used in medicine, in manufacturing
and as fuel. Which alcohol comes from the
organic compound?
a. Isoprophyl
b. Prophyl
c. Methyl
d. Ethyl
2. Drugs are created to help mankind however it can
also be dangerous that it requires a doctor’s
written order to a pharmacist that a patient is
allowed to purchase a drug. What categories does
it falls?
a. herbal drugs
b. Over-the counter drugs
c. Prescription drug
d. None of the above
• 3. Which of the following does NOT claim that
marijuana is dangerous?
a. a. Leads to other health problem
b. Speeds up mental and psychomotor activities
c. Leads to psychological dependence
d. Impairs thinking and verbal skills
4. What is the MOST serious effect of quackery
other than the loss of money?
a. Serious threat to health
b. Misinformation given by it
c. Effect on time aged person with chronic
ailments
d. Valuable time s lost in obtaining competent
treatment
5. What is a drug primarily employed in surgery
on the membranes lining the nose and throat?
a. Amphetamine
b. Shabu
c. Coccaine
d. narcotics
6. Under Philippine Drug Laws, where are the
dangerous drugs such as glue, paint thinner
and gasoline classified?
a. Tetracycline
b. Inhalants
c. Metamphetamine
d. Amphetamine
7. Which of the following effects of marijuana is
perceived to be NOT dangerous?
a. Impairs thinking and verbal skills
b. Speeds up mental and psychomotor
activities
c. Leads to other health problem
d. Leads to psychological dependence
8. Peers pressure has either positive or negative
impact, depending on the quality of the peer
group, which is a positive import?
a. Pushing a susceptible individual down the wrong
way
b. Convincing a person to follow their habit as a way of
seeking acceptance
c. Pushing an individual to do his best just like anyone
of them.
d. Keep a group within an acceptable code of behavior
9. What is important in an ideal healthful
community living?
a. Lighting source
b. Good housing
c. Good water supply
d. Health of the family
10.Which of the following is the most severe
effect of iodine deficiency?
a. Gigantism
b. Cretinism
c. Xeropthalmia
d. Goiter
11. Quackery is likely to be involved if the
following conditions exist, EXCEPT if:
a. The promised results seem too good to be true
b. The product is said to be a possible answer to a
certain medical problem
c. The product is claimed to be a cure for a number
of different ailments
d. The product effects special ingredients that
produce a miracle cure.
12. Which of the following is TRUE of a
depressant?
a. Medical aid for sleeplessness and calmness
b. An example of a barbiturate
c. A substance that prevents nervous breakdown
d. A substance that reduces the body’s reaction
and relaxes muscles.
13. What is the main function of DARE?
a. Prescribes the medicine to the patients using
drugs
b. Helps treat drug addicts and supervises patients
under drug abuse
c. Provides certain treatment of drug abuses
d. Provides necessary precautions in using
dangerous drugs
14. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about
ECSTASY?
a. Can cause dehydration and permanent changes
to the brain’s chemistry
b. A costly habit
c. Users develop the habit or wearing eyeglasses
even during night time
d. Tasteless and harmless
15. Narcotics have medicinal values but suppress
the vital body functions when not used
properly. Which of the body organ/s are
affected by excessive use of narcotics?
a. Intestines
b. Brain
c. Kidneys
d. lungs
16.The responsibility of a consumer to be alert
and questioning about the use, price and
quality of goods bought is called ___
a. Environmental awareness
b. Social concern
c. Critical awareness
d. Solidarity
16. Which of the following refers to a nutritional
supplement claimant by its promoters to
improve performance?
a. Antioxidants
b. Ergogenic aid
c. High- protein diet
d. Nutritional aid
17. A medical specialist who concentrates in
preventing disease prolonging life, and
promoting health of persons past middle life is
called_____
a. Pediatrician
b. Dietician
c. Geriatrician
d. Obstetrician
18. Which alcohol comes from an organic
compound?
a. Ethyl
b. Methyl
c. Isopropyl
d. Prophyl
19. Which group of cells secrets the hormone
that enables sugar to be stored in the liver?
a. Islets of Langerhans
b. Thalamus
c. Thyroids
d. Parathyroids
20.What is a white, odorless, crystal powder
with a bitter taste, sometimes called a “poor
man’s cocaine”?
a. Amphetamine
b. Marijuana
c. Shabu
d. Histamine
21. Which of the following is most closely
referred to as environmental crisis resulting
from high increase rate of population growth?
a. Depletion of food resources
b. Starvation
c. Migration
d. Pollution
22. The function of vitamins is often
misunderstood. Which of the following is
TRUE about vitamins?
a. Promote growth and other body activities
b. Ensure good health
c. Prevent diseases if taken in huge doses
d. Provide calories or extra pep
23. Which of the following is not an advantage
of the availability of over-the-counter drug?
a. Self-administered treatment
b. Feed physician from serving people whose
illnesses are worst than them
c. People engaged in self-diagnosis
d. Determined a course for their own treatment
24. What drugs increase heart rate, blood
pressure and breathing rate?
a. Inhalants
b. Stimulants
c. Depressants
d. Hallucinogens
25. What drugs are used to treat people who
have trouble sleeping?
a. Sedative
b. Alcohol
c. Tranquilizer
d. Antibiotics
26. Prevention of drug addiction is the
responsibility of
a. parents
b. government
c. self
d. none of these
27. What drugs increase heart rate, blood
pressure and breathing rate?
a. Inhalants
b. Hallucinogens
c. Depressants
d. Stimulants
28. It is prescribes to control extreme pain
a. Sedative
b. Antibiotic
c. Morphine
d. Opium
29. It slows down the brain function and other
parts of the nervous system
a. Chocolate
b. Alcohol
c. Coffee
d. Tea
30. It is a white odorless powder with a bitter
taste sometimes called a poor man’s cocaine
a. Cocaine
b. Amphetamine
c. Shabu
d. Barbiturates
31. What is the most common reason why
people turn to drugs?
a. Forced by parents
b. Curiosity
c. Necessity
d. Drugs are available
32. You have been advised to take antibiotics for
your skin disease. But because you are so busy
you forgot to take one after lunch. What would
you do?
a. Take one right away and adjust the frequency of
medicine intake
b. Shift to a much higher milligram
c. Double the dosage in the evening
d. Discontinue taking the pills
34. Drug is considered a friend because
a. It treats anxiety and tensions
b. Of its overall medical importance
c. It is used as anesthetics to surgical procedures
d. It treats different diseases
35. Labels can help consumer evaluate health
products especially on drugs because_____.
a. Tells about the side effects
b. Tells about the ingredients
c. It includes expiration dates
d. All of the above can be of help
36. Which of these is prescribed to control
extreme pain?
a. Morphine
b. Stimulants
c. Opium
d. Antibiotic
37. Drugs can be useful but it can also be
harmful and this is why there are drugs that
requires a doctor’s prescription. Under what
category is it?
a. over the counter drug
b. Herbal
c. Prescription drug
d. None of these
38. The following are stimulants excpet:
a. Amphetamine
b. Methamphetamine
c. Cocaine
d. mescaline
40. Drugs can perk us up or relaxes us. What
drugs produce alertness?
a. Narcotics
b. Hallucinogens
c. Stimulants
d. Psychoactive drugs
41. Methamphetamine adverse negative effect
are the following except:
a. Nausea
b. Insomnia
c. Hypothermia
d. Damage liver
42. It slows down the central nervous system
which cause the individual to relax.
a. Psychoactive
b. Hallucinogens
c. Depressants
d. stimulants
43. Because of its powerful pain reliever effect,
this drug is used for medical operations but it
also induces sleep.
a. Inhalant
b. Depressant
c. Narcotics
d. caffeine
44. Janet is often time stressed and angry. She
needs something to calm her down and
reduces her angry feelings. What will she
take?
a. Tranquilizer
b. Narcotics
c. Hallucinogens
d. Inhalant
45. It is an odorless, colorless and tasteless drug
which has an hallucinogen changing effect.
a. Heroin
b. LSD
c. GBH
d. Shabu
end