DATA

COLLECTION
 Introduction
 Data can be define as the quantitative or qualitative
value of a variable (e.g. number, images, words,
figures,facts or ideas)

 It is a lowest unit of information from which other

measurements and analysis can be done.

 Data is one of the most important and vital aspect

of any research study.
Factors to be Considered Before
Collection of Data

 Object and scope of the enquiry.

 Sources of information.
 Quantitative expression.
 Techniques of data collection.
 Unit of collection.
 Sources of Data

External sources

Internal sources
Pri mary data Secondary data
Internal & External Sources of Data
Internal sources of Data
o Many institutions and
departments have information
about their regular functions,for
their own internal purposes.
o When those information are
used in any survey is called
internal sources of data.
o Eg…social welfare socities.
External sources of data
o When information is collected
from outside agencies is called
external sources of data.
o Such types of data are either
primary or secondary.
o This type of information can be
collected by census or sampling
method by conducting survey.
 Primary Data
 Data that has been collected from first-hand experiences
is known as primary data.It has more reliable,authentic
and not been published anywhere.

 Primary data has not been changed or altered by human

being,therefore its validity is greater than secondary
data.
 Methods of
collecting
primary data

Investigatio Direct Personal

Investigation
n through (i.e. interview
observation method)

Indirect oral
Investigation
investigation
through mailed
(i.e. through
questionnaire
enumerators)

Investigation
through local
reporters
questionnaire
 Primary Data

Merits Demerits

More Requ
Targ Hig Addr Tim Inac
Data Gre Eva numb ired
eted h ess as e er of cura lot of
interp
accu specif ater luat resour
issue
retati ic con ces te skill
d are racy con ed feed with
on is resear sum are
addr better of ch cost requir
back
labou
essed trol ing ed r.
data issues
 Secondary Data
 Secondary data are those that have already been collected by
others.

 These are usually in journals, periodicals, research publication

,official record etc.

 Secondary data may be available in the published or unpublished

form. When it is not possible to collect the data by primary
method,the investigator go for secondary method.

 This data collected for some purpose other

than the problem at hand.
Method of collection secondary data

Published
Sources Unpub
lished
Inter
natio
Gove
rnm
sourc
Munici
pal
Institu
tional/

ationesercial
corpor comm
nal ent
 Secondary Data

Demerits
Merits

No Data Poor
Quick Wider Longe fulfill Poo access
Leadi are
and
geogr r ng to
our r ibility
cheap specifi not in
source
aphic orient find c accu up to
al ation primar researc some
of
area period y data h needs racy date cases
data
Difference b/w primary and secondary data
Primary data Secondary data
 Real time data  Past data
 Sure about sources of data  Not sure about of sources
 Help to give results/ finding of data
 Costly and time consuming  Refining the problem
process  Cheap and no time
 Avoid biasness of response consuming process
data  Can not know in data
 More flexible biasness or not
 Less flexible
Created by -
Kanchan Agrawal
http://www.ezyshine.com/