ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES

(AUTOMATIVE FIELD)

Subject - Applied Thermodynamics

Assignment No. - 4
Group Members - 1. Tushar Borkar
2. Tejas Patil
3. Prithviraj Abitkar
4. Niraj Adsule
INTRODUCTION

 What is EV battery?
 Battery history
 Types of EV batteries
 Future
 Conclusion
What is EV battery?
 An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) (also known as a traction
battery) is a battery used to power the electric motors of a 
battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
 These batteries are usually rechargeable (secondary) batteries,
and are typically lithium-ion batteries.
 These batteries are specifically designed for a high ampere-hour
(or kilowatt-hour) capacity.
Battery History

 Rechargeable batteries that provided a viable means for storing

electricity on board a vehicle did not come into being until 1859,
with the invention of the lead-acid battery by French physicist
Gaston Planté.
 An early electric-powered two-wheel cycle was put on display at
the 1867, but it couldn't drive reliably in the street.
 First practical Electric car was built by Thomas Parker in 1884.
Types of EV batteries

• Lead-Acid battery
1.

• Nickel-metal hydride battery

2.

3.
• Zebra or Sodium battery

• Lithium ion battery

4.
Lead-Acid battery

 There are two main types of lead-acid batteries:

automobile engine starter batteries and deep cycle
batteries.
 Lead-acid batteries in EV applications end up being a
significant (25–50%) portion of the final vehicle mass.
 Like all batteries, they have significantly lower specific
energy than petroleum fuels—in this case, 30–50 Wh/kg.
Nickel-metal hydride battery

 Nickel-metal hydride batteries are now considered a relatively 

mature technology.
 While less efficient (60–70%) in charging and discharging than
even lead-acid, they have a specific energy of 30–80 Wh/kg, far
higher than lead-acid.
 While less efficient (60–70%) in charging and discharging than
even lead-acid, they have a specific energy of 30–80 Wh/kg, far
higher than lead-acid.
Zebra or Sodium battery

 The sodium nickel chloride or "Zebra" battery uses a molten 

sodium chloroaluminate (NaAlCl4) salt as the electrolyte.
 A relatively mature technology, the Zebra battery has a specific
energy of 120 Wh/kg.
 They have been used in several EVs such as the Modec 
commercial vehicle.
 Zebra batteries can last for a few thousand charge cycles and are
nontoxic.
Lithium ion battery
 The first commercialized lithium-ion chemistry was a lithium cobalt oxide 
cathode and a graphite anode first demonstrated by N. Godshall in 1979,
and by John Goodenough, and Akira Yoshino shortly thereafter.
 Lithium-ion (and the mechanistically similar lithium polymer) batteries,
were initially developed and commercialized for use in laptops and
consumer electronics. 
 These variants (phosphates, titanates, spinels, etc.) have been shown to
have a much longer lifetime, with A123 types using lithium iron phosphate
 lasting at least more than 10 years and more than 7000
charge/discharge cycles.
Future of Batteries

Graphene batteries
 Graphene batteries have the potential to be one of the most superior
available. Grabat has developed graphene batteries that could offer
electric cars a driving range of up to 500 miles on a charge. 

Aluminium-air battery
 A car has managed to drive 1,100 miles on a single battery charge.
The secret to this super range is a type of battery technology called
aluminium-air that uses oxygen from the air to fill its cathode. This
makes it far lighter than liquid filled lithium-ion batteries to give car a
far greater range.
Conclusion

 ElectricBattery Automobiles are really important

as they will prevent a major source of increased
Global Warming and other natural problems. 
 New Concepts of rechargeable should arise that
will have higher efficiency than all other existing
batteries.
Thank You.