KINDS OF

BATTERY
Battery

In general term, a battery is a device that converts chemical

energy into electricity. An automobile battery is a wet cell
battery that contains actual energy that stores chemical energy
and then transforms it into electrical energy on applications.

Apart from various battery designs and specifications, of serve

same purposes. specifically, on automotive batteries, it has six
cells with lead storage on each. Each cell is filled with a sulfuric
acid solution, which is known as an electrolyte.
Functions of
Battery

The primary functions of battery in

automotive engines are to power the
starter motor so as to run the engine.

All electrical components in a vehicle rely

on the battery.

In modern cars where most parts like the

injector system, spark plug, sensors are also
powered by the battery
Components of a
Battery
Container – Is a part made of the steel can, used to enclose the substances of the cell to form
a cathode, which is a part of the electrochemical reaction.

Cathode – is a manganese dioxide and cathode.it is the electrode reduced by the

electrochemical reaction.

Separators – are the nonwoven, fibrous fabric that separates the electrodes.

Anode – anodes are electrodes that oxidized. They are made of powered zinc metal.

Electrolyte – is the medium for movement of ion within the cell. It carries the ionic current
inside the battery. it’s made of potassium hydroxide solution in water.

Collector – is a brass pin in the middle of the cell that conducts electricity to the outside
circuit.
Battery
Diagram:
Battery
Diagram:
Characteristic of
a Battery

- Available in a variety of sizes.

- Moderately good high and low-temperature performance.

- Electrically efficiently

- Good float operation.

- Low-cost battery and can be produced anywhere on a local basis.

- The high open-circuit voltage of all aqueous electrolyte battery systems.

- Good charge retention for intermittent charge applications.

- Cells are easily recycled.

Types of Battery

Starting, Lighting, and These types of battery are abbreviated

Ignition Batteries SLI, it’s vastly used in automotive. Just
as its name implies, it is used for starting
a car and also provide power to the
ignition. The battery also powers
electrical components such as radio,
headlights, etc. of a vehicle. STLs have a
shallow charging circle, which means the
time it takes to run down and get
charged again.
Types of Battery
Valve Regulated Lead-
Acid Batteries:

These types of batteries are designed to be low-

Deep Cycle Batteries
A deep circle battery is ideal for
marine vehicles, golf carts,
small recreational vehicles, etc.
this is because it provides
sustained power over a longer
period of time.
maintained as it does not require regular addition of
water to the battery cell. Because of this, the battery is
sealed leaving no chance for maintenance or servicing.
It’s to be replaced when spoiled.
The valve-regulated lead-acid battery is of two types;
Absorption Glass Mat (AGM) and Gel Cell batteries. The
AGM supplies high rate of power in a short burst
compared to other sealed versions. On the hand, the Gel
cell batteries are known for that because of their silica-
based electrolyte. 
Types of Battery
Batteries:
Wet Cell (or Flooded)
Batteries:
The wet cell batteries are less expensive than other
types but require regular maintenance. It’s named
wet cell because it contains a liquid substance, often
a combination of lead, sulfuric acid and water. This
help to create the required electrolyte that may lose
over time of usage.
Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)
Modern automobiles such as electric and hybrid cars use
the lithium-ion battery. The battery is able to store
significantly more energy and has less weight compared
to traditional lead batteries. However, Li-ion batteries
generally have low lifespans, which one of the major
drawbacks, a maximum of three years regardless of use.
A Battery is a chemical device that stores electrical
energy in the form of chemicals and by means of
electrochemical reaction, it converts the stored chemical
energy into direct current (DC) electric energy.
Alessandro Volta, an Italian Physicist, invented the first
battery in 1800.
Different Types
of Batteries

- Primary (non-rechargeable) - Secondary (rechargeable)

A Secondary Battery is also called as
A Primary Battery is one of the
Rechargeable Battery as they can be
simple and convenient sources of
electrically recharged after discharge.
power for several portable electronic
The chemical status of the
and electrical devices like lights,
electrochemical cells can be
cameras, watches, toys, radios etc. As
“recharged” to their original status
they cannot be recharged electrically,
by passing a current through the cells
they are of “use it and when
in the opposite direction of their
discharged, discard it” type.
discharge.

Even though there are several other classifications within these two types of batteries,
these two are the basic types. Simply speaking, Primary Batteries are non-rechargeable
batteries , they cannot be recharged electrically while the Secondary Batteries are
rechargeable batteries , they can be recharged electrically.
Primary
Batteries
Battery Type
Zinc – Carbon
Magnesium (Mg/MnO2)
Mercury (Zn/HgO)
Alkaline (Zn/Alkaline/MnO2)
Silver/Zinc (Zn/Ag2O)
Lithium/Soluble Cathode
Lithium/Solid Cathode
Lithium/Solid Electrolyte
Characteristics
Common, low cost, variety of
sizes
High capacity, long shelf life
Very high capacity, long shelf
life
Very popular, moderate cost,
high performance
Highest capacity, costly, flat
discharge
High energy density, good
performance, wide temp range
High energy density, low temp
performance, long shelf life
Low power, extremely long shelf
life
Applications
Radios, toys, instruments
Military and aircraft Radios
Medical (hearing aids,
pacemakers), photography
Most popular primary batteries
Hearing aids, photography,
pagers
Wide range of applications with
capacity between 1 – 10,000 Ah
Replacement for button and
cylindrical cells
Memory circuits, medical
electronics
Secondary
Batteries
Lead – Acid Batteries
The lead-acid batteries are by
far the most popular and most
used rechargeable batteries.
They have been a successful
product for more than a
century. 
Nickel – Cadmium
Batteries
The Nickel – Cadmium Batteries or
simply Ni-Cd Batteries are one of
the oldest battery types available
today along with the lead-acid
batteries. They have a very long
life and are very reliable and
sturdy.
Nickel – Metal Hydride
Batteries
These are relatively new type
of batteries are an extended
version of Nickel – Hydrogen
Electrode Batteries, which were
exclusively used in aerospace
applications (satellites). 
Lithium – Ion Batteries
The emergence of lithium-ion batteries in the
last couple of decades has been quite
phenomenal. More than 50% of the consumer
market has adopted the use of lithium-ion
batteries. Particularly, laptops, mobile phones,
cameras, etc. are the largest applications of
lithium-ion batteries