KINDS OF BATTERY

Battery
• In general term, a battery is a device that
converts chemical energy into electricity.
An automobile battery is a wet cell battery
that contains actual energy that stores
chemical energy and then transforms it
into electrical energy on applications.
• Apart from various battery designs and
specifications, of serve same purposes.
specifically, on automotive batteries, it
has six cells with lead storage on each.
Each cell is filled with a sulfuric acid
solution, which is known as an
electrolyte.
 Functions of Battery

•The primary functions of

battery in automotive engines
are to power the starter
motor so as to run the engine.
•All electrical components in
a vehicle rely on the battery.
•In modern cars where most
parts like the injector system,
spark plug, sensors are also
powered by the battery
 Components of a Battery

Container – Is a part made of the steel can, used to

enclose the substances of the cell to form a cathode,
which is a part of the electrochemical reaction.

Cathode – is a manganese dioxide and cathode.it is

the electrode reduced by the electrochemical
reaction.

Separators – are the nonwoven, fibrous fabric that

separates the electrodes.
Anode – anodes are electrodes that oxidized.
They are made of powered zinc metal.

Electrolyte – is the medium for movement of ion

within the cell. It carries the ionic current inside
the battery. it’s made of potassium hydroxide
solution in water.

Collector – is a brass pin in the middle of the cell

that conducts electricity to the outside circuit.
Battery Diagram:
Battery Diagram:
 Characteristic of a Battery
- Available in a variety of sizes.
- Moderately good high and low-temperature
performance.
- Electrically efficiently
- Good float operation.
- Low-cost battery and can be produced anywhere on a
local basis.
- The high open-circuit voltage of all aqueous electrolyte
battery systems.
- Good charge retention for intermittent charge
applications.
 Types of Battery
•Starting,
Lighting, and
Ignition Batteries
These types of battery are abbreviated SLI,
it’s vastly used in automotive. Just as its
name implies, it is used for starting a car
and also provide power to the ignition. The
battery also powers electrical components
such as radio, headlights,
STEP1
etc. of a vehicle.
STLs have a shallow charging circle, which
means the time it takes to run down and get
charged again.
Deep Cycle
Batteries
A deep circle battery is ideal for
marine vehicles, golf carts, small
recreational vehicles, etc. this is
because it provides sustained
STEP3
power over a longer period of
time.
Valve
Regulated
Lead-Acid
Batteries:
These types of batteries are designed to be low-
maintained as it does not require regular addition of water
to the battery cell. Because of this, the battery is sealed
leaving no chance for maintenance or servicing. It’s to be
replaced when spoiled.

The valve-regulated lead-acid battery is of two types;

Absorption Glass Mat (AGM) and Gel Cell batteries. The
AGM supplies high rate of power in a short burst
compared to other sealed versions. On the hand, the Gel
cell batteries are known for that because of their silica-
based electrolyte. 
Wet Cell (or
Flooded)
Batteries:
The wet cell batteries are less expensive
than other types but require regular
maintenance. It’s named wet cell
because it contains a liquid substance,
often a combination of lead, sulfuric
acid and water. This help to create the
required electrolyte that may lose over
time of usage.
Lithium-Ion (Li-
Ion) Batteries:
Modern automobiles such as electric and hybrid cars use
the lithium-ion battery. The battery is able to store
significantly more energy and has less weight compared to
traditional lead batteries. However, Li-ion batteries
generally have low lifespans, which one of the major
drawbacks, a maximum of three years regardless of use.

A Battery is a chemical device that stores electrical energy

in the form of chemicals and by means of electrochemical
reaction, it converts the stored chemical energy into direct
current (DC) electric energy. Alessandro Volta, an Italian
Physicist, invented the first battery in 1800.
Different Types of Batteries
- Primary (non-rechargeable)
A Primary Battery is one of the simple and
convenient sources of power for several
portable electronic and electrical devices
like lights, cameras, watches, toys, radios
etc. As they cannot be recharged
electrically, they are of “use it and when
discharged, discard it” type.
- Secondary (rechargeable)
A Secondary Battery is also called as
Rechargeable Battery as they can be
electrically recharged after discharge. The
chemical status of the electrochemical
cells can be “recharged” to their original
status by passing a current through the
cells in the opposite direction of their
discharge.
Even though there are several other
classifications within these two types of
batteries, these two are the basic types.
Simply speaking, Primary Batteries are
non-rechargeable batteries , they cannot
be recharged electrically while the
Secondary Batteries are rechargeable
batteries , they can be recharged
electrically.
Primary Batteries
 Battery Type
Zinc – Carbon
Magnesium (Mg/MnO2)
Mercury (Zn/HgO)
Alkaline (Zn/Alkaline/MnO2)
Silver/Zinc (Zn/Ag2O)
Lithium/Soluble Cathode
Lithium/Solid Cathode
Lithium/Solid Electrolyte
Characteristics
Common, low cost, variety of
sizes
High capacity, long shelf life
Very high capacity, long shelf life Medical (hearing aids,
Very popular, moderate cost,
high performance
Highest capacity, costly, flat
discharge
High energy density, good
performance, wide temp range
High energy density, low temp
performance, long shelf life
Low power, extremely long shelf
life
Applications
Radios, toys, instruments
Military and aircraft Radios
pacemakers), photography
Most popular primary batteries
Hearing aids, photography,
pagers
Wide range of applications with
capacity between 1 – 10,000 Ah
Replacement for button and
cylindrical cells
Memory circuits, medical
electronics
Secondary Batteries
 Lead – Acid Batteries
The lead-acid batteries are by far
the most popular and most used
rechargeable batteries. They have
been a successful product for more
than a century. 
Nickel – Cadmium Batteries
The Nickel – Cadmium Batteries or
simply Ni-Cd Batteries are one of the
oldest battery types available today
along with the lead-acid batteries.
They have a very long life and are very
reliable and sturdy.
Nickel – Metal Hydride Batteries
These are relatively new type of
batteries are an extended version
of Nickel – Hydrogen Electrode
Batteries, which were exclusively
used in aerospace applications
(satellites). 
Lithium – Ion Batteries
The emergence of lithium-ion batteries in
the last couple of decades has been quite
phenomenal. More than 50% of the
consumer market has adopted the use of
lithium-ion batteries. Particularly, laptops,
mobile phones, cameras, etc. are the
largest applications of lithium-ion
batteries