ENTREPRENEUR

SHIP
DEVELOPMENT
 ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS

• 2.1 Steps in Entrepreneurial Process – Deciding, Developing, Moving, Managing,

Recognizing
• 2.2 Identification of Business Opportunities for Small Business - Project Ideas,
Screening of Project Ideas; Environment Scanning and Opportunity Analysis;
Technical Analysis
• 2.3 Entry Strategies – New Product, Franchising, Partial Momentum, Sponsorship &
Acquisition
• 2.4 Intellectual Property – Creation & Protection
 Points of Intrapreneurship Entrepreneurship
difference
Definition Intrapreneurship is the entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of
within an existing organization. creating incremental wealth.

Core objective To increase the competitive strength and To innovate something new of socio-
market sustainability of the organization. economic value.
Primary motives Enhance the rewarding capacity of the Innovation, financial gain tad
organization and autonomy. independence.
Activity Direct participation, which is more than a Direct and total participation in the process
delegation of authority. of innovation.
Risk Hears moderate risk. Bears all types of risk.
Status Organizational employees expecting The free and sovereign person doesn’t
freedom at work. bother with status.

Failure and mistakes Keep risky projects secret unless it is Recognizes mistakes and failures to take
prepared due to high concern for failure new innovative effort
and mistakes.
 Intrapreneurship
• Climate for intrapreneurship
 Frontiers of technology

 New ideas

 Trial & error

 Failure allowed

 Resources available & accessible

 Volunteer program

 Support from Top management

 Google
• Idea: Google allows time for personal projects. Some of Google’s best projects come
out of their 20 percent time policy. One of these is something you probably use multiple
times a day, Gmail.
• Benefit: Paul Buchheit, the creator of Gmail, started on the project in 2001 and worked
up to its launch on April 1, 2004 (April Fools but not really.) Gmail became the first
email with a successful search feature and the option to keep all of your email (hello
1GB of storage) instead of frantically deleting to stay under your limit. The initial
launch was by invite only, quite the hot commodity. Now, it’s considered a faux pas not
to have an email address ending in @gmail.com.
 ITC
• The idea of e-choupal, an ITC division germinated when Sivakumar a manager in the
ITC Group’s agribusiness unit, approached ITC’s chairman, with a request of Rs 50
lakh to test an idea. He wanted to procure farm produce from soya farmers in Madhya
Pradesh, thereby eliminating middlemen. Today, e-Choupal, reaches out to over 4
million farmers growing a range of crops in over in over 35000 villages through 6100
kiosks across 10 states (Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu)..
Steps in Entrepreneurial Process
 Aspects of entrepreneurial process

• Identify and evaluate the opportunities

• Develop Business plan

• Resources required

• Managing the enterprise

 Steps in the Entrepreneurial Process – 11
i. Search for a New Idea
ii. Preliminary Assessment of Idea
iii. Detailed Analysis of Promising Idea
iv. Selection of the Most Promising Idea
v. Assembling the Resource and Personnel
vi. Determining Size of Unit
vii. Deciding on Location of Business and Plan Layout
viii. Sound Financial Planning
ix. Launching the Enterprise
x. Managing the Company
xi. Harvesting
 • Entrepreneur Sriram Chitturi (44) observed

this phenomenon on his travels to the UK,

Germany, and Switzerland in 2014.

• Started in 2015, Guesture has 3,150 beds

across two properties in Bengaluru. Read how

the brand is staying unique compared to

market leaders NestAway, ZoloStays, Stanza

Living, etc.

• Rs 10 Cr a year with its community-driven

Source: https://guesture.in/
approach for co-living.
 Project Formulation

• Project formulation is the systematic development of a project idea for arriving at an

investment decision.

•  It aims at a systematic analysis of project potential with the ultimate objective of
arriving at an investment decision.

• It refers to a preliminary project analysis covering all aspects such as technical,

financial, commercial, economic & managerial to find out whether it is worthwhile to
take project for detailed investigation & evaluation.
Stages of Project Formulation
1. Feasibility Analysis

2. Techno-Economic Analysis

3. Project Design and Network Analysis

4. Input Analysis

5. Financial Analysis

6. Cost-Benefit Analysis

7. Pre-Investment Analysis
Source: Digit Jan.2020
 Project Appraisal

• Project appraisal is an important activity to evaluate the key factor of the project to
check the viability of a project proposal. t often involves comparing various options,
using economic appraisal or some other decision analysis technique.

Key objectives of the Appraisal Process of a Project:

• Assessment of a project in terms of its economic, social and financial viability

• Decide to Accept or reject a Project

• It is a tool to check the viability of a Project Proposal

Project Appraisal
Economic Aspects
Increased Output
Cost benefit analysis
Increased employment
Higher earnings
Increased National income
Improved income distribution
Technical Aspects
Manufacturing Process/Technology
Technical Collaborations
Location/Site
Machineries
Availability of inputs
Organizational Aspects
Organization Structure
Internal environment
Corporate Capability factors
Recruitment & Training
Commercial Aspects
Demand-supply
Size of the market and possibilities of
future development
Nature of competition
Marketing strategy
Pricing Policy
 Financial Aspects Managerial Aspects
• Financial soundness • Evaluation of managerial skills
• Return on Investment • Managerial efficiency
• Cost of the project
• Profitability analysis Ecological Aspects
• Break even analysis • Impact of project on quality of
ecological factors
• Budgeting
Legal Aspects
• Governing Law
• Intellectual Property Rights
Kochi_MetroPPT.pdf
• Limited Liability Clause
Full report
• Ethical aspects
 ENTRY STRATEGIES

a) Define your product b) Identify market needs c) Establish time frames

• New product
d) Identify key issues and approaches
• Franchising

• Joint ventures

• Sponsorship

• Acquisitions
 FRANCHISING

https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/about-us/franchising/acquiring-franchising.html
Joint ventures
 SPONSORSHIP

• Financial Sponsors

• Media Sponsors

• In-Kind Sponsors

• Promotional Partnerships
 ACQUISITIONS

In 2006, Walt Disney Co. acquired Pixar for $7.4 billion.

Since then, movies such as Finding Dory, Toy Story 3, and WALL-
E, have generated billions in revenue. Three years after the Pixar
acquisition, Disney’s CEO Bob Igner, set out to acquire Marvel
Entertainment for $4 billion.
Considering 11 Marvel movies have brought in more than $3.5 billion
since the acquisition, and is a good example of a successful
acquisition across all fronts. 
Facebook announced its plans to acquire WhatsApp in February
Facebook purchased Instagram for $1 billion on
2014, WhatsApp's founders attached a purchase price of $16 April 9, 2012.
billion: $4 billion in cash and $12 billion remaining in Facebook
shares. This price tag is dwarfed by the actual price Facebook
paid: $21.8 billion, or $55 per user.

Facebook shocked the world when it purchased WhatsApp for a a

jaw-dropped $19 billion in 2014.(Rs. 1357.55 Billion)

Source :
https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/tencent-wanted-to-buy-whatsapp-but-mark-zuc
kerberg-swooped-in-and-stole-the-19-billion-deal-while-its-ceo-was-having-back-s
urgery/articleshow/59400912.cms
“Intellectual Property Rights" refers to the legal rights
granted with the aim to protect the creations of the intellect.
The creator/inventor gets exclusive rights against any misuse
or use of work without his/her prior information.

Following list of activities which are covered by the intellectual property rights are laid down by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO) −
• Industrial designs
• Scientific discoveries
• Protection against unfair competition
• Literary, artistic, and scientific works
• Inventions in all fields of human endeavor
• Performances of performing artists, phonograms, and broadcasts
• Trademarks, service marks, commercial names, and designations
• All other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary, or artistic fields
 Legal Framework-India

1.Trade Marks Act, 1999

2.The Patents Act, 1970 (as amended in 2005)

3.The Copyright Act, 1957

4.The Designs Act, 2000

5.The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999

6.The Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout Design Act, 2000

7.The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Right Act, 2001

8.The Information Technology Act, 2000

Application process for copyright
As follows:
• File the application with complete details and copies of the work.
• Upon submitting the application, examination of the work takes place and objections,
if any, are raised.
• A response regarding objection has to be filed within 30 days.
• The certificate is issued by the copyright office after the objections, if any, are
removed to the satisfaction of the Copyright Registry.

For further Reference : http://copyright.gov.in/

 PATENT
• Patent registration procedure
• File the patent application and get it numbered.
• Request for publication by filing a form. If the request is not made, the patent specification will be
published in the official journal after 18 months from the application date. On the other hand, by making
request, patent specification can be published within one month from filing the form.
• Request for examination within 48 months from the date of filing of the patent application. Request
for expedited examination of patent application can be made by paying extra fee.
• Within 12 – 24 months of filing a request for examination, the first examination report is issued. This
report may raise substantive and procedural objections regarding the patent.
• If objections are raised, the patent applicant must comply with the statement of objections within six
months from the date of the report.
• If the official objections are met in due period, the patent is granted and presented for opposition.
• The patent is open for third party opposition, if any, for a period of one year from the date of
advertisement.
• A patent once granted is valid for 20 years, and requires renewal every year from the third year of the
date of application.
• For reference : http://ipindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/ev/sections-index.html
 TRADE MARKS
Trademark registration procedure
•Conduct a trademark search. To identify a completely original trademark you may refer to the
national trademark database online.
•File the application for trademark registration along with the prescribed fees.
•Once the mark is registered, the Trade Marks Registry sends the “Official Examination Report”
asking for clarifications, if any, in accordance with the Trade Marks Act.
•After the application is accepted, it is published in the ‘Trade Marks Journal’, a government
publication to call upon opposition from the general public, if any.
•If the application is not opposed within four months, then the registration is granted. In case of
opposition, registration is granted only after the case is resolved.
•After all due consideration is met, an official letter intimating the acceptance of the application
along with the trademark certificate is issued by the Trade Marks Registry.
The whole process takes about 15 to 18 months. The trademark is valid for ten years starting
from the date of issuance of the certificate. It can be renewed for another 10 years on the
payment of the prescribed fees.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS

TRADE SECRETS
• "PATENT" means a patent for any invention granted under this Act;
• l) "new invention" means any invention or technology which has not been anticipated
by publication in any document or used in the country or elsewhere in the world before
the date of filing of patent application with complete specification, i.e. the subject
matter has not fallen in public domain or that it does not form part of the state of the
art;
• http://www.ipindia.nic.in/acts-patents.htm

• COPYRIGHT is a right given by the law to creators of literary, dramatic, musical and
artistic works and producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings. In fact, it is
a bundle of rights including, inter alia, rights of reproduction, communication to the
public, adaptation and translation of the work. There could be slight variations in the
composition of the rights depending on the work.
• http://copyright.gov.in/Default.aspx
• “DESIGN” means only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament or composition of lines or
colours applied to any article whether in two dimensional or three dimensional or in both forms, by any
industrial process or means, whether manual, mechanical or chemical, separate or combined, which in the
finished article appeal to and are judged solely by the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of
construction or anything which is in substance a mere mechanical device, and does not include any trade mark
as defined in clause (v) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of
1958) or property mark as defined in section 479 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or any artistic work as
defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (14 of 1957).
http://www.ipindia.nic.in/acts-designs.htm
• “MARK" includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of
goods, packaging or combination of colours or any combination thereof;
• “TRADE MARK" means a mark capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of
distinguishing the goods or services of one person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their
packaging and combination of colours;

http://ipindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/ev/TM-ACT-1999.html#s2
•  "GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION", in relation to goods, means an indication
which identifies such goods as agricultural goods, natural goods or manufactured
goods as originating, or manufactured in the territory of a country, or a region or
locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of
such goods is essentially attributable to its geographical origin and in case where such
goods are manufactured goods one of the activities of either the production or of
processing or preparation of the goods concerned takes place in such territory, region
or locality,

• http://www.ipindia.nic.in/acts-gi.htm
 Types of protection of IP Subject matter Main fields of application

Patents New, non-obvious, industrially applicable All industries, e.g.chemicals, drugs, plastics,
inventions motors, turbines, electronics, scientific
equipments, communication equipments, etc.

Trademarks Signs or symbols to identify goods and services All industries

Industrial designs Ornamental designs All industries, e.g.electronics, automobiles,

kitchenware, etc.

Topography of semi-conductor products Original layout design Micro-electronics industry

Copyright Original work of authorship Publications, videos, photos, broadcasting, etc.

Neighbouring rights Original work of authorship Performing artists, of producers of

phonogrammes and broadcasting organisations,
etc

Protection against unfair competition All the above All industries

Trade secrets Secret business information All industries

Source: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Law_at_ESA/Intellectual_Property_Rights/What_is_intellectual_property
THANK
YOU